摘要
线索在多媒体学习中作为一种重要的教学设计形式,具有引导注意、组织和整合信息的功能。综述已有研究发现,线索具有引导学习者加工特定位置信息、忽视无关信息干扰的功能;在特定条件下帮助学习者整合图-文信息,并且提高学习者的学习效果;但对于线索信息组织功能尚缺少充分而有力的证据。关于线索对学习效果的影响,大部分研究证实线索能够促进学习。但是由于线索的多样性以及学习材料的复杂性,线索能否有效地提高学习效果仍然存在争议。从认知负荷理论视角综述发现,线索加入并没有明显降低学习者感知到的主观认知负荷;从知觉加工视角而言,线索作为突显的刺激会吸引学习者的注意,从而简化学习者在知觉加工阶段的视觉搜索。未来研究仍然需要关注以下问题:(1)线索是否真的被学习者所注意和加工?(2)重视学习材料多样性比较和不同线索类型差异探讨,(3)关注学习者经验影响,(4)如何在教学设计上保证线索的有效性。
As an important form of instructional design, cueing can guide learner＇s attention, organize and integrate information in multimedia learning. In this article, we reviewed researches about the cueing effect in multimedia learning environment. It was found that cueing do play an important role in attention guiding. It can direct learners to focus on specific information and ignore the irrelevant interference of information. Thus, cueing can help the learners to integrate the figure-text information and improve the learning performance. But, the current studies on cue＇s function lack convincing evidence. As for the impact on learning effect, although most of the results of empirical studies are positive, the diversity and the complexity of the learning material make the conclusion still inconsistent. At present, we explained the cueing effect from two theoretical perspectives： cognitive load theory and perceptual theory. It has found that adding cues did not significantly reduce the learners＇ perceived subjective cognitive load. And from the perceptual processing perspective, cueing could attract the learner＇s attention and make the visual searching more easily. Future studies still need to focus on the following issues： （a） do learners perceive the cues as relevant for learning？ （b） we need to pay more attention to the diversity of learning materials and the differences between different types of cues, （c） the impact of learners＇ experiences, （d） how to keep the validity of cueing in the instructional design.
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第8期1430-1440,共11页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室开放课题(2012B07)
华中师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费重大科研培育项目(CCNU11C01005)资助
关键词
线索
多媒体学习
注意引导
认知负荷
整合
cueing
multimedia learning
attention guidance
cognitive load
integration
