摘要
受益归宿分析法(BIA)是考察公共资源分配公平性的国际通用方法。采用该方法,对57个国家的公共教育资源分配公平性进行实证研究,结果表明:随着教育层次的提高,公共教育支出公平性下降;绝大多数国家初等教育公共支出有利于穷人(富人为主要受损者),高等教育公共支出有利于富人(穷人为主要受损者);随着经济的发展,公共教育支出的公平性出现改善。而我国公共教育资源分配的研究无论在分组方法、受益份额,还是在评价标准上都与国外研究存在一定差异,已有研究表明我国公共教育资源分配具有如下特征:即使在义务教育阶段,东部地区家庭、城市家庭仍是公共教育资源分配的主要受益者;东部地区与西部地区的资源配置差异缩小迹象明显,但"中部塌陷"需引起我们的关注;省内各县之间、县内各学校之间以及不同人群之间的差异仍然非常明显;公共教育支出规模扩大,有利于促进教育公平。加大财政对教育的投入,强化转移支付的扶弱能力,切实解决农村地区、经济欠发达地区教师待遇问题,将有助于进一步提高我国教育,特别是义务教育公共资源分配的公平性。
Benefit Incidence Analysis （BIA） is the international approach to analyze the equity of the distribution of public resources. Using BIA, an empirical study on the equity of the allocation of public education resources in 57 countries is carried out. The results show that the equity of public education expenditure decreases with the increase of education level. In the vast majority of the country, the allocation of public expenditure in elementary education is pro-poor while that in higher education is pro-rich. With the development of economy, the equity of public education expenditure appears improving, while, the study in China is different from the abroad in many ways such as grouping method, benefit share, evaluation criteria. The main results on the equity of the allocation of public education resources in China are as follows. The main beneficiaries of public education resources are the family from the East, and city family, that is true even in compulsory education stage. The allocation gap between the East and the West is shrinking while that between the East and the Middle is expanding. We should pay more attention to the sign of ＂the central collapse＂. Allocation differences between different counties, schools and people are also obvious in counties within a province. Expanding the scale of public education expenditure is helpful to promote education equity. It is necessary to take methods such as increasing government expenditure on education, standardizing the transfer system, giving more fiscal support to the poor and improving the income of teachers in rural areas, so that the equity of the allocation of public education resources in China can be improved.
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第8期133-141,共9页
Educational Research
基金
教育部重大攻关课题"促进经济发展方式转变的地方财税体制改革研究"(课题批准号:12JZD032)的研究成果
关键词
公共教育支出
受益归宿分析
公平
public education expenditure, Benefit Incidence Analysis（BIA）, equity
