摘要
福建省闽侯县、福清市两家淡水鱼养殖场先后发生了由粪便污染造成的鱼类死亡事件。通过调查证实两家养殖场受污染水体中的氨氮、非离子氨、总大肠菌群指标超标,其中闽侯县养殖场受粪便污染导致水中耗氧物质增加,消耗水中氧气致使鱼类缺氧而死亡,死亡区域水中溶解氧0.55～0.92 mg/L。福清市养殖场的养殖水体受粪便污染,水体中浮游植物利用大量氮磷营养物质迅速增长(9.58×107～1.05×108个/L),在白天光合作用下产生大量氧气,溶解氧超饱和,达180%～183%,同时释放二氧化碳,引发pH升高(9.59～9.79)。使得水体中大量NH4+向NH3转化,造成水中非离子氨含量升高,致使鱼类死亡。本文分析这两起渔业污染事故养殖水体中各指标因子的变化情况,认为粪便造成养殖水体中的氨氮,非离子氨和总大肠菌群升高,但导致鱼类死亡的致死因素则是缺氧及非离子氨中毒。
Two fishery death accidents, happened in freshwater fish farms in Minhou County and Fuqing City, Fujian Province were caused by poultry manure contamination. Through this investigation we found that the ammonia, ammonia nitrogen and total coli group were beyond the standard level in the contaminated water. The oxygen consumption substances increased by poultry manure contamination in Minhou County fishery farm. The consumption of oxygen in water caused the fish died for hypoxia. The dissolved oxygen in dead zone is 0. 55 mg/L to 0. 92 mg/L. Caused by poultry manure contamination in Fuqing City fishery farm, the amount of phytoplankton rapidly increased from 9.58 × 10^7 cell/L to 1.05 × 10^8 cell/L after consuming ammonia nitrogen nutrients. Photosynthesis also produced larger amounts of oxygen in daylight which resulted in super saturation dissolved oxygen （180% - 183% ）. At the same time, releasing of carbon dioxide also led to pH increase （9.59 - 9.79）. Furthermore, a large amount of NH4 in water was transformed into NH3, consequently fish died for the increase of ammonia content. After investigation of these two typical poultry manure contamination in aquaculture water cases, we analyzed the variation of index factors and concluded that the poultry manure contamination could lead to increase of ammonia, ammonia nitrogen and total coli group. The factors causing fish death were lack of oxygen and ammonia poisoning. Recommended strategies for pollution prevention suggested in the paper as well.
出处
《福建水产》
2013年第3期230-235,共6页
Journal of Fujian Fisheries
关键词
渔业污染事故
非离子氨
溶解氧
氨氮
鱼类死亡
fishery pollution accident
ammonia nitrogen
dissolved oxygen
ammonia
death of fish
