摘要
通过急性、慢性毒性试验,研究了质量分数为0.32%的印楝素乳油对大型溞Daphnia magna生存、生长和繁殖的影响。急性毒性试验结果表明:印楝素对大型溞24 h和48 h的半致死浓度LC50分别为39、17μg/L,安全浓度为1.12μg/L,属于剧毒物质。慢性毒性试验结果表明:在试验浓度范围内,随着印楝素浓度的增加,大型溞的内禀增长率(rm)、产幼次数、总繁殖量、平均世代周期(T)、净生殖率(R0)和存活时间均呈现降低趋势;低浓度组(0.432、0.768、1.120μg/L)大型溞的rm与对照组(空白对照和丙酮对照)差异不明显(P>0.05),当印楝素浓度升高至1.340、2.400μg/L时,大型溞的rm逐渐下降,从0.347 6 d-1降至最低值0.306 3 d-1;而最高印楝素浓度组(2.400μg/L)大型溞的存活时间、R0、T、产幼次数和总繁殖量均为最低,分别为13.60 d、24.696 1、11.439 9 d、2.47次、26.87个。本研究表明,高浓度印楝素显著缩短了大型溞的存活时间,降低了净生殖率R0、平均世代时间T、产幼次数和总繁殖量。
The toxic effects of 0.32% azadirachtin EC on survival, growth and reproduction of water fleas Daphnia magna were studied by acute and chronic toxicity tests. The acute toxicity test showed that azadirachtin as a highly toxic substance had the 24 h LCs0 of 39 μg/L, 48 h LCso of 17 μg/L and the safety concentration of 1.12 μg/L for the water fleas. The Chronic toxicity test revealed that the water fleas showed decrease in intrinsic rate of population increase （r_m）, nunrber of clutches per female, total offspring per female, generation time （ T）, net reproductive rate （R0） , and survival time with the increasing azadirachtin coneentration. There was no significant difference in the rm in the water fleas between the control group and low concentration groups （0. 432, 0. 768 and 1. 120 μg/L） （ P〉0.05 ）. The r_m, was decreased from O. 347 6 d-1 at insecticide concentration of 1. 340 to 0.506 3 d-1 at insecticide concentration of 2.400μg/L. The minimal number of clutches per female （2.47 times） and total offspring per female （26.87 ind. ）, the minimal survival time （ 13.60 d）, the minimal R0（24. 696 1 ）, and T（ 11. 439 9 d）were observed at the maximal concentration of 2. 400 μg/L. In conclusion, the findings show that high concentrations of azadirachtin leads to short survival time, and T, and to reduce in R0 number of clutches per female and total offspring per female significantly.
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期121-126,共6页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
国家大宗淡水鱼类产业技术体系项目(CAR-46-26)
关键词
印楝素
大型溞
毒性
内禀增长率
存活
繁殖
azadirachtin
Daphnia magna
toxicity
intrinsic rate of population increase
survival
reproduction
