摘要
目的为了解麻疹和风疹的临床症状特征,并评价不同麻疹疑似病例定义的监测效果。方法 2010年在北京市昌平区开展发热出疹性病例的流行病学调查,收集病例的一般情况、临床症状和体征、免疫史等信息。结果麻疹和风疹在发热程度、皮疹持续时间、发热至出疹时间间隔以及卡他症状、结膜炎、淋巴结肿大和关节疼痛等临床症状和体征有明显差异。北京市和卫生部麻疹疑似病例诊断标准的敏感度和特异度分别为94%、50%和45%、94%。如以"发热≥38℃,发热后第3天或以后出疹,并伴有卡他症状或结膜炎之一者"作为麻疹疑似病例诊断标准,敏感度和特异度分别为81%和92%。结论北京市麻疹发病率较低,北京市麻疹疑似病例诊断标准的敏感度较高,对于消除麻疹,及时发现病例有效。在消除麻疹进程中,要视不同发病率选择适宜的监测病例定义,以提高监测效力。
Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of measles and rubella and evaluate the accuracy of measles surveillance case definition. Methods An investigation of rash fever illness was conducted in Changping in 2010 to collect the information about the clinical manifestation and history of measles vaccination of the cases. Results Measles cases and rubella cases differed in degree of fever, duration of rash, interval between rash and fever, respiratory symptoms, incidences of conjunctivitis, lymph node enlargement and joint pain. The sensitivity and specificity of local and national suspected case diagnostic criteria were 94% , 50% and 45% , 94% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria： fever ≥38℃, rash 3 days after fever, respiratory symptom and conjunctivitis, were 81% and 92% respectively. Conclusion The incidence of measles was low in Beijing, and the local suspected measles cases diagnosis criteria＇ s sensitivity was high. It is important to select appropriate surveillance case definition to effectively improve the measles surveillance.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2013年第2期118-121,共4页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
麻疹
风疹
临床诊断
监测
measles
rubella
clinical characteristics
surveillance
