摘要
在现代社会里,科层化与技术化作为社会整体合理化进程的必然产物,在制度上和结构上是紧密地结合在一起的。科层体系必然带来技术化,技术化是科层体系的组织和行为特征,尽管技术化的程度在不同的科层体系那里会有高低的差异。技术化本身的要求可以在一定程度上制约科层体系,而科层体系内部的自我约束也要通过技术手段来实现。但是,所有的政治目标和要求都只能在这个体系之外形成,并且通过自主的外在力量来监督科层体系予以实现和落实。中国社会到现在为止一直处于转型的过程中,现代化进程并未完成。现代中国社会的演变和现象具有一定的特殊性,其中之一就是政治日益技术化,或具体地说,政治理念、目的和行为愈益以技术的形式和方式表达和实现出来,而这个趋势同时又与高度的科层化结合在一起的。科层化无法脱离技术化而自立,但却可以控制技术化的方向。能够抑制科层化和科层体系变身为目的,从而取代既有的合理性的目的和动力主要来自两个方面,这就是个人权利和民主。改革开放以来,中国社会之所以不断取得巨大进步,从政治上来说,就是个人自主活动空间的不断扩大,或曰得到保障的个人的自由和权利范围的扩大;从合理性视角来说,就是可以合理化的个人行为和中间社会行为的范围得到不断的拓展。
The evolution and phenomenon of modern Chinese society have a high degree of particularity, one of which is increasing technicalization of politics, specifically, political ideas, purpose and behavior have been increasingly expressed and carried out in the form and manner of technology, and this trend also is combined with the high degree of bureaucratization. Our problem is that in a society with so much emphasis on the technology and technical purposes, why the technology in itself can not develop along the direction of rationality？ Weber＇s theory of rationality provides paradigms and methods for the analysis of such phenomena. We found that, the bureaucratic system that is not basic social goals and motivation obliges itself to become a mere power dominating society through technical means, and thus become a social purpose. This phenomenon reveals such a situation： politics lost direction. Afact need to reiterate is that the real driving force of the social rationalization process in China since more than thirty years is the expansion of the space of individual autonomic activity.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期41-53,共13页
Academic Monthly
关键词
合理性
科层化
技术化
政治
个人行为
中层社会
rationality
hierarchy
technicalization of politics
individual act
the middle society
