摘要
2012年国际油价在90～100美元/bbl之间波动,在这种情况下,页岩油的生产在经济上仍有利可图。2012年国外召开了两次大型油页岩国际科技会议。世界油页岩资源蕴藏量折算成页岩油高达4.8×1012bbl,其中美国占到了77%。估计中国页岩油资源约有0.35×1012bbl,但探明储量不够,应加强勘查,落实更多可采储量。中国正在引进和自主开发大处理量的油页岩干馏生产页岩油的新工艺。当前世界页岩油年产量约156×104t,其中中国约70×104t,爱沙尼亚约66×104t,巴西约20×104t。世界油页岩电站发电能力以爱沙尼亚最大,容量达2300MW以上,其他国家规模很小。爱沙尼亚今后将主要采用油页岩干馏新技术增产页岩油。美国至今仍无油页岩干馏炼油的工业化生产,但有多家公司、科研机构和大学在进行油页岩地下和地上干馏炼油的现场开发和基础研究。德国、法国、加拿大、澳大利亚等发达国家的一些公司关注页岩油生产,并参与或开发油页岩干馏新工艺。约旦、土耳其、印度等发展中国家以及以色列加强了油页岩资源的勘查或国际合作,开展了油页岩加工利用的可行性研究。
International oil prices fluctuated between $90 and 100/bbl in 2012.At this price level,shale oil production remains economically viable.Last year,two major international oil shale science and technology conferences were held worldwide.The world′s total oil shale resources hold as much as 4.8 ×1012bbl of shale oil,77% of which is located in the United States.China′ s shale oil resources are estimated at 0.35 ×1012bbl but the country′s proven reserves are still low,which underlines the necessity of intensified exploration to increase recoverable reserves.China is simultaneously introducing and developing new technology for producing oil from oil shale on a commercial scale.The world′s current shale oil production stands at about 156 ×104t,about 70 ×104t from China,66×104t from Estonia and 20 ×104t from Brazil.Estonia has the world′ s biggest oil shale—based power generating capacity,which exceeds 2300MW,and several other countries have only very small such capacities.Estonia will try to boost its shale oil production primarily by means of new dry shale distillation technology.The United States has not yet begun commercial production of shale oil based on dry distillation,but a host of companies,research institutes and universities are conducting field development and basic research into refining oil shale using the dry distillation method both above and below ground.Some companies in developed countries such as Germany,France,Canada and Australia have attached great importance to shale oil production and have either participated in or independently initiated development of new dry shale distillation technology.Some developing countries such as Jordan,Turkey and India and Israel have strengthened their oil shale exploration or international partnerships and launched feasibility studies into processing and utilizing oil shale.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2013年第1期3-11,共9页
Sino-Global Energy
基金
"泰山学者"建设工程专项经费项目(项目编号:ts20120518)的部分成果
关键词
油页岩
页岩油
资源量
干馏炼油
油页岩电站
加工利用
勘查
oil shale
shale oil
resource quantity
dry distillation refining
shale-based power station
processing and utilization
exploration
