摘要
目的探讨高智商注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童操作性执行功能特点。方法采用横断面研究，对符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的高智商[《中国韦氏儿童智力量表》（C—WISC）总智商≥120，于2003年12月至2010年9月北京大学精神卫生研究所门诊就诊的ADHD儿童]和普通智商（90≤FSIQ〈110）ADHD儿童各124例及与其年龄、智商相匹配的于2003年12月至2008年6月收集的医院周边学校正常对照儿童各68名，进行操作性执行功能任务测验（Sroop色词命名、数字字母连线、数字广度、汉诺塔、动物正确个数），测查执行功能的抑制、转换、工作记忆、计划、流畅性成分，采用多因素方差分析比较各组间差异。结果高智商ADHD组在色词命名（3．18±0．05）、连线测验（4．38±0．55）差于高智商对照组（2．92±0．07和4．05±0．07），P〈0．01；高智商ADHD组在连线、数字广度（4．86±0．13）、流畅性（23．0±0．5）优于普通智商ADHD组（4．10±0．07和19．9±0．5），P〈0．01。结论高智商ADHD儿童的抑制与转换能力均有受损，但较普通智商ADHD儿童，在转换、工作记忆、流畅性方面受损程度要轻；智商对ADHD操作性执行功能有保护作用。
Objective To explore the practical executive function profiles in high IQ （intelligence quotient） children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） in a Chinese sample population. Methods For this cross-sectional study, we identified 124 outpatients aged 6. 8 - 13.1 years with a high IQ fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Ⅳ （ DSM-Ⅳ ）, 68 children and adolescents without ADHD aged 6. 5 - 13. 1 years with a high IQ matched by high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD, 124 outpatients aged 6. 8 - 13.2 years with an average IQ with ADHD and 68 normal children and adolescents aged 6. 4 - 13.1 years with an average IQ matched by IQ. We operationalized high IQ as having a full scale intelligence quotient （ IQ or FSIQ） ≥120 on Chinese version Wechsler intelligence scale for children （C-WISC） and an average IQ as 90 ≤ IQ 〈 110. All the above groups were matched by age. All subjects completed practical executive function tests, including Stroop color-word, trail-making, digit span, Tower of Hanoi task and verbal fluency to assess their ability in the aspects of inhibition, shifting, working memory, planning and verbal fluency. Results ADHD group with a high IQ performed worse on the Stroop color-word （3.18 ± 0. 05 ） and trail-making tests （4. 38±0. 55） than normal control group with a high IQ （2. 92±0. 07 and 4. 05 ±0. 07） （P 〈0. 01 ）. The test performances of trail-making, digit span （4. 86 ±0. 13 ） and fluency （23.0 ± 0. 5 ） were significantly better in high IQ ADHD group than average IQ ADHD group （4. 10 ± 0.07 and 19.9±0.5） （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Though a bit better than average IQ ADHD group in shifting, working memory and verbal fluency, the high IQ children and adolescents with ADHD perform worse than high-IQ controls on inhibition and shifting. IQ may protect practical executive function.
出处
《中华医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第3期172-176,共5页
National Medical Journal of China
基金
“十一五”国家科技支撑计划（2007BA117B03）
卫生行业科研专项经费资助项目（200802073）
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍
智商
操作性
执行功能
横断面研究
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Intelligence
Practicality
Executive Function
Cross-sectional studies
