摘要
采用随机区组设计,研究不同氮素水平下"宁冬11号"地上器官光合产物积累、运转及对产量的影响。结果表明,小麦叶片、茎鞘、穗部光合产物积累量均随氮素水平的不同而存在差异。地上部总干物质积累量均在成熟期达到最大值,表现为N4>N3>N2>N1(N1、N2、N3、N4分别表示施氮量为90、180、270、360kg/hm2,下同),但籽粒产量表现为N3>N4>N2>N1,主要是由于N4处理无效分蘖增加,群体密度增大,田间通风透光性降低及田间水分供应不足,结实率降低、穗粒数减少造成收获指数降低所致。N1、N2处理由于收获穗不足而导致产量不高。进一步分析表明,籽粒产量的最终形成是由花前干物质积累量、运转率和花后干物质积累量共同作用的结果。增加氮肥施用量能延长绿叶功能期、增加灌浆时间,有利于光合产物的形成,但过量施氮使小麦成熟期推迟6d,这对宁夏引黄灌区冬麦后复种和种植业结构调整及增加农民收入十分不利。因此,宁夏引黄灌区冬小麦生产中中高肥力田块氮肥用量以270kg/hm2为宜。
For providing the theory basis of high winter wheat yield in the yellow river ningxia valley（YRNV）,using a randomized block design and Ningdong 11 wheat,the effects of different nitrogen levels on photosynthesis product accumulation,translocation and yield were studied.The results showed that different nitrogen levels affected changes of photosynthesis product accumulations in wheat leaves,sheaths and spikes.Total dry matter accumulation maximized at maturity,in the order of N4N3N2N1（N1,N2,N3 and N4 represent 90,180,270 and 360 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare respectively）,but the order for grain yield was N3N4N2N1.The main reason was that population density in the N4 treatment increased with ineffective tillers,which led to poor ventilation,transparent less,water supply shortage,seed setting rate declined,grains per spike reduction,ultimately,the harvest index decreased.Harvest spike deficiency led to lower yield in the treatment of N1 and N2.Further analysis showed that the grain yield formation was completed by front-flowering dry matter accumulation,operation rate and post-flowering dry matter accumulation.In addition,increasing nitrogen application amount could prolong function period of green leaves and increase the grain filling duration,which was conducive to the formation of photosynthate,but excessive nitrogen resulted in wheat mature delay of 6 days,which was bad for multiple cropping after the harvest of winter wheat,cropping structure adjustment and the farmers＇ income increased.Therefore,270 kg nitrogen fertilizer per hectare is suitable for winter wheat in high fertility fields in YRNV.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第12期33-38,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ1068)
宁夏农业科技工程重大专项(KGZ-16-07-01)
关键词
宁夏
引黄灌区
冬小麦
氮肥运筹
干物质积累与运转
产量
Ningxia
The yellow river ningxia valley（YRNV）
Winter wheat
Nitrogen application
Dry matter accumulation and distribution
Yield
