摘要
中国古代对于"天"的认识经历了从知识到思想,再从哲学到科学的过程。这一过程始于三代或更早,夏商以后已经逐渐形成自然天人观,春秋时期自然天道观已经成型。这些都构成了由知识而观念和思想的进程,并且为老子的哲学作了铺垫。老子在中国古代有关"天"的知识与观念的发展进程中具有里程碑的意义。一方面,老子从天道观中提炼概括出"道"的思想,由此将哲学从一般法则的水平提升到高度形上的水平。另一方面,老子又以对"道"的深刻认识作为基础,开启了中国古代天文史或科学史中的宇宙理论。之后,受老子思想的启发,战国时期有关宇宙问题的猜测开始普遍出现,秦汉之际这样一种猜测已经逐渐演变为天文学理论,到了汉魏时期终于形成丰富和完整的宇宙理论。无论是知识启迪思想、哲学启迪科学的进程,还是老子思想中哲学与科学的互证互启的关系,都是中国古代科学与哲学密切结合、相互促进的完美经验例证。
The concept of tian（heaven） in ancient China underwent development from knowledge to thought,and then from philosophy to science.Since Xia and Shang Dynasty,the natural view of heaven and man had already been formed,and during the Spring and Autumn Period the view of spontaneous way of heaven had also been formed.All these showed the development of the concept of tian（heaven） from knowledge to idea and thought,and paved the way for Lao Tzu＇s philosophy.Lao Tzu＇s elaboration of tian was a milestone in the development of knowledge and idea about heaven.On the one hand,he extracted the thought of Tao,and thus the general rule of philosophy was uplifted to a metaphysical height.On the other hand,he opened up cosmology in the history of ancient Chinese astronomy or science,based on his deep understanding of Tao.Later,inspired by Lao Tzu,cosmological speculations widely emerged during the Warring States Period.During the Qin and Han dynasty cosmological speculations had gradually been evolved into astronomical theories,which became rich and complete during the Han and Wei period.The development of the concept of tian in philosophy and science perfectly shows the close interactions of ancient Chinese science and philosophy.
出处
《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期17-26,共10页
Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划研究基金项目(11YJA720028)
关键词
天
知识
观念
哲学思想
科学理论
heaven
knowledge
concept
philosophical thoughts
scientific theories
