摘要
何以知道他人有心灵这个问题,在20世纪很长一段时间里,与心身问题一道被认为是心灵哲学中最为基本的两个问题。今天,它已不再那么频繁地被人提起,但这并不意味着它的重要性下降了,而是被转换成了何以知道他人的心灵这样的“心灵理论”或“读心”问题。这种转换淡化了怀疑论意味,增强了自然主义色彩。不过,撇开背景性的差别,问题的实质仍然是一样的,即我们是如何将心理状态归与他人的。笔者正是在这样一种广泛的意义上使用“他心问题”一词的。
The problem of other minds may be divided into the conceptual and the epistemological problems.Based on the original works done by Wittgenstein and McDowell,this paper develops a direct perception theory.This theory sees other men as a seamless whole,and holds that both physical and mental properties of other men can be directly perceived.More precisely,other minds can present in perceptual experiences as ordinary objects do.The direct perception theory solves both the conceptual and the epistemological problems.It is not incompatible with the theory of theory or with simulation theory.To the contrary,it provides an account of how it is possible to attribute mind to others in the light of the theory of theory or simulation theory.
出处
《哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第9期77-84,128,共8页
Philosophical Research
基金
国家社会科学基金项目"当代心灵哲学中的析取论研究"(编号10CZX031)
山东大学自主创新基金的资助