摘要
列强的中立及对革命军交战团体身份的默认,是中华民国寻求列强承认的前奏。就国际惯例而言,中华民国宣告成立时,清政府仍然是合法政权,在国际上代表中国。从中华民国成立到清帝逊位,属于过渡时期,不能简单视此一时期的拒绝承认为刁难与要挟。日本虽然主导了列强对中华民国的延迟承认,但在清帝逊位前日本并未就承认问题提出预案,是在英、俄等国的建议下,日本才开始认真关注承认问题,并先后两次提出倡议书。面对承认问题的困难局面,外交部条约问题研究会并不主张中国主动要求各国承认,而这一点正与伍廷芳所提出的"成立在我,承认在人"的观点相吻合。美国虽然并非第一个承认中华民国的国家,但其决定承认民国政府的政策影响深远。
The neutrality of the foreign powers and their tacit recognition of the revolutionary army as a belligerent party were precludes to the Republic of China's request for recognition by the foreign powers.According to international practice,at the time of the declaration of the Republic of China,the Qing government was still a legitimate regime,and represented China in the international community.The period from the establishment of the Republic to the abdication of the Qing emperor was a period of transition,and we should not simply regard the refusal of foreign powers to recognize the Republic as trouble making and coercion.Though Japan guided the foreign powers' delay in recognizing the Republic,before the abdication of the Qing emperor it did not put forward a plan on the issue of recognition.It was only at the urging of England,Russia and other powers that Japan began to seriously pay attention to the problem of recognition and put forward two sets of proposals.Faced with difficulties over recognition,the Foreign Ministry's Treaty Research Committee did not advocate that China take the initiative in asking foreign powers to recognize the Republic.This coincided with Wu Tingfang's viewpoint that 'it is our right to establish the Republic,and other countries' right to recognize us or not.' Though the USA was not the first country to recognize the Republic of China,its decision to recognizing the Republican government exerted a profound influence.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第5期51-64,160-161,共14页
Modern Chinese History Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目"近代中国准条约问题研究"(11CZS040)的阶段性成果
