摘要
将气候问题的主要利益集团和国家分为三组,欧盟(以英国、法国、德国为代表)、伞形国家集团(以美国、日本、加拿大、澳大利亚为代表)和发展中国家(印度、巴西、南非等),近似代表气候政策的一、二、三3个梯队。全面扫描这些国家标准和管制政策、财政政策工具、排放权交易、自愿协议、信息工具、研发政策等主要政策工具的使用情况。同时,选择温室气体排放总量变动趋势以及环境监管能力作为政策环境因素,试图反映气候政策工具应用条件"从低到高"的"阶段性"的特征。通过对上述国家和地区温室气体减排政策工具应用情况的国际比较,总结了减排政策工具应用的基本经验,得出了对我国的启示:继续运用好标准和管制为代表的"传统"政策工具;充分考虑政策工具的应用条件,稳步推进"高级"政策工具;加强温室气体减排政策工具之间的协调;以提高能源效率作为温室气体政策工具的核心目标;近期应谨慎推出碳税;循序稳妥推进碳市场建设。
The main interest groups and the countries in climate issue are divided into three groups, including the EU （Britain, France, Germany as representative） , umbrella group of countries （the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia as representative）and developing countries （India, Brazil, South Africa as representative）, to approximately represent three stages of climate policy. This paper fully scan the application situation of policy instruments, including standards and regulation policy, fiscal policy, emissions trading, voluntary agreement, information tools, R＆D policy in these countries and regions. Meanwhile, this paper chooses the trend of GHG emissions and capacity of environmental supervision as two major policy environment factors to reflect the development stage of policy environment. Through the international comparison on EU, the umbrella group＇ and the developing countries＇ application situation of policy instruments, this paper summarizes the basic experience of policy instruments, reaches the implication for China ： continue to apply standards and regulation as the representative of the ＂traditional＂ policy instruments ; fully consider the application condition of policy instruments and advance steadily ＂senior＂ policy instruments ; strengthen the synergies of policy instruments ; to improve energy efficiency as the core objectives for policy instruments ; be cautious to levy a carbon tax recently; sequential and steadily push forward the construction of carbon market.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第9期26-32,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国务院发展研究中心2010年(青年)招标课题
关键词
温室气体减排政策工具
国际比较
政策工具演进
气候政策
环境经济
policy instruments for greenhouse gas emission reduction
international comparison
policy instruments＇ evolution
climate policy
environmental economics
