摘要
目的了解上海市金山区企业电焊烟尘职业病危害现状,评价企业职业卫生管理工作效果,为预防和控制电焊工尘肺病提供依据。方法于2011年对金山区23家有电焊作业的企业进行职业卫生管理和职业病现状调查,并对其作业场所空气中电焊工接触电焊烟尘的浓度进行采样和检测。结果 23家企业规模以小型居多,涉及金属制品业和专用设备制造业等5个行业,其电焊工以男性居多;作业场所空气中电焊烟尘浓度个体采样检测显示,厂合格率为52.17%,个体合格率为67.61%;设置防毒防尘设施的企业仅占13.04%;电焊工职业性健康检查率为66.92%,职业禁忌证检出率为0.28%,未发现疑似职业病。监测现场71名电焊工职业健康检查和个人防护情况:健康检查率为57.75%,电焊工防尘口罩发放率为88.73%,而使用率仅为57.14%,有效防护率为29.58%。2005年以来3家企业有3例电焊工尘肺病新病例报告,且该3家企业2011年电焊烟尘浓度时间加权平均(TWA)值均超标。结论部分电焊工接触电焊烟尘浓度严重超标,电焊工尘肺病防治工作形势严峻,必须加强企业职业卫生管理工作,应进一步改善电焊工作业环境,落实电焊工呼吸系统的有效防护和宣传培训等干预措施。
[Objective]To understand the occupational hazard status of electric welding in enterprises of Jinshan District,to evaluate professional health supervisory of enterprise,and provide evidence for preventing and controlling the electric welder pneumoconiosis.[Methods]Occupational health management and occupational disease situation investigation was performed on 23 enterprises with electric welding operation in Jinshan District in 2011.The air concentration of welding fumes in these enterprises＇ work place was detected.[Results]Most of 23 enterprises were small scale,involving 5 industries such as the metal product,the special purpose equipment manufacture and so on,most workers were male.The detection of air concentration of welding fumes in work place demonstrated that the qualified rates of factory and individuals were 52.17% and 67.61% respectively;only 13.04% of these enterprises had the anti-poison and dustproof facilities;the occupational health examination rate of electric welder was 66.92%,the detection rate of occupational contraindication was 0.28%,no suspected occupational disease case was detected.The occupational health examination and individual protective situation of 71 electric welders in the workshop suggested that the physical examination rate was 57.75%,the electric welder respirator providing rate was 88.73%,but the utilization rate was only 57.14%,the effective protection rate was 29.58%.Since 2005,3 new electric welder pneumoconiosis cases had been reported in the 3 enterprises where the TWA value of electric welding fumes exceeded the standard level in 2011.[Conclusion]The density of electric welding fumes to which the partial electric welders exposed seriously exceeds the standard level;the prevention of electric welder pneumoconiosis is urgent.The occupational health management must be strengthened in enterprise,the electric welder working environment should be further improved,intervention measures including the respiratory system effective protection and propaganda training of electric
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2012年第14期1674-1678,共5页
Occupation and Health
关键词
电焊烟尘
监测
对策
金山区
Welding fumes
Monitoring
Countermeasures
Jinshan District
