摘要
清代文学批评中有一个引人注目的现象,即好谈文章义例,主要表现为金石学中的碑志义例探讨与古文理论中的以"例"论文风气。这种现象可溯源至《春秋》义例之学中丰富的文法内容,而在清代蔚然成风则出于匡救文弊的现实需要,同时也是文章写作不断追求规范化的结果,标志着传统文章学中形式规范理论的又一发展阶段。清人论古文义例在文体上偏重源于史传的叙事文,这体现了叙事文文体地位的空前提高,并在一定程度上改变了抒情言志传统下的文学批评格局。
A salient feature of the Qing Dynasty literary criticism is the increased critical attention to ″yi-li″（义例）,a traditional scholastic discourse on stylistic and generic matters in historiography and literary narrative.The genealogy of this discourse can be traced back to the ″yi-li″ scholarship on the canonical The Spring and Autumn Annalsin early antiquity.In the pre-Qin era,Mencius had already pointed out that The Spring and Autumn Annals,being a classic epitome of historiography,embodies three essential compositional elements： the message ″yi″（义）,the literary patterning ″wen″（文）,and the recorded events ″shi″（事）.In West Jin Dynasty Du Yu’s Commentary to Zuozhuan（the chronicle of Zuo）,there was subtle and thoughtful comments on stylistics of historical narrative.Historically,so to speak,Chinese men of letters paid great attention to the literary patterning of The Spring and Autumn Annals,thus forming a dynamic discourse about problematics in narrative prose.The Yuan Dynasty witnessed the emergence of elaborated discussions in this tradition.During the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasties,men of letters had became accustomed to measuring the merits of literary composition on the basis of ″li″（例）,generic or stylistic literary precedents,saying that ″it is imperative to know the literary pattern before one sets about to write″（为文必当明例）.People widely believed that the ″li″ is the norm for composing a literary prose. The Qing discourse on ″yi-li″ was particularly appealing to the needs of practical literary criticism of the time,especially in terms of generic preference,choice of appellation,and choice of style.Generically,this discourse values narrative types such as biography and epigraph that resemble traditional historiography.Appellatively,this discourse prefers the adoption of contemporary official titles and the present custom.Stylistically,this discourse values the pure and classical masterpieces as paragons. The efflores
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期190-200,共11页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社会科学规划项目(12YJA751020)
国家社会科学基金一般项目(12BZW044)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(10&ZD102)
关键词
清代
文章义例
碑志
章学诚
古文
叙事
the Qing Dynasty
＂yi-li＂ or stylistic/generic criticism
the genre of epigraph
ZhangXuecheng
Chinese classical prose
narrative
