摘要
"以义正音"是乾嘉时代学术领袖戴震提出的重要主张。其主要内涵是,根据字词的意义和规律性的意义关系,可以确定它们的古音地位,以及古音之间的关系,进而发现古音演变的轨迹。清代小学的最重要理论和方法,在于音义互求。以义正音与因声求义二者,是音义互求中不可分割的两个方面。清代以后,因声求义的理论和方法得到很好的总结和继承,而以义正音,因为要以对词义和意义关系的认识为起点去推证古音,有更大的难度,所以还没有得到总结。清代小学形音义互求的学术大背景以及戴震本人的古音学旨趣和治学特点等,是以义正音提出的学术条件。以义正音的语言学基本原理是音义结合具有内在关系,这种方法具有严密的论证逻辑。戴震和他的大弟子、著名学者段玉裁的音义互求的实践,包含着以义正音的理论和方法,他们的古音学结论,从以义正音的角度可以得到更好的理解。以义正音的理论的方法,对现代古音研究也有重要的作用。
To decide sound values by meanings is an important principle put forward by Dai Zhen （戴震）, the academic leader in the Qianlong-Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty. It means that ancient word meanings and the regularity meaning relations may determine their ancient phonological values and the relations, which may hence suggest Ehe evolution paths of phonological changes. The most important theory and methodology in the Qing Dynasty philology lies in the co-working of sound and meaning that is, （ i ） to decide the ancient phonological values by virtue of the meanings and （ ii ） to decide the meanings by the sound values are the two inseparable aspects of this discipline. Since then, the latter has been fully observed and well summarized whereas the former has lacked enough attention for its research difficulties. However, Dai Zhen and his outstanding disciple Duan Yu-cai have set a good example for implementing the former principle, which should hence be called for from now on.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期37-43,共7页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)
关键词
古音学
戴震
音义关系
因声求义
以义正音
ancient Chinese phonology
Dai Zhen
sound-meaning relation
to decide meaning by sound value
to decidesound value by meaning
