摘要
[目的]了解上海市普陀区企业中接触生产性噪声工人(以下简称接噪工人)对噪声危害及听力保护措施的认知情况,为有效开展相关职业病防治宣传工作提供参考依据。[方法]2011年4月,随机抽取普陀区320名接噪工人进行问卷调查,并分析年龄、性别、户籍、文化程度等因素对相关知识水平的影响。[结果]不同年龄、性别、户籍、文化程度的接噪工人,对噪声危害及防护知识的掌握情况存在一定差异。不同年龄组的接噪工人对体检周期为每年一次的知晓率不完全相同(χ2=12.37,P<0.05);男性接噪工人对生产性噪声可损害神经系统的知晓率明显高于女性(χ2=5.01,P<0.05);沪籍接噪工人对职业健康检查有法律规定、接噪工人体检周期为1次/年、棉花无防噪声效果的知晓率均明显高于流动人口(χ2=5.37、4.19、7.90,P<0.05);由于文化程度的不同,接噪工人对生产性噪声可致听力损伤或噪声聋,可损害神经系统、强度越大危害越大,法律规定应定期进行职业健康检查的知晓率亦不完全相同(χ2=22.37、15.09、9.63、13.07,P<0.05)。[结论]普陀区接噪工人对噪声危害及防护知识水平有待进一步提高,今后的职业卫生宣传和培训工作应采取有针对性的措施。
[ Objective ] To study knowledge status of industrial noise hazard and protective measures among noise-exposed workers in Putuo District of Shanghai, and to provide references for effective control and prevention of industrial noise. [ Methods ] A questionnaire survey enrolled 320 noise-exposed workers from PutUo District by random multistage sampling in April 2011. The relations of knowledge of industrial noise hazard and protection with job title, age, gender, household register, and educational level were analyzed. [ Results ] Differences in knowledge of industrial noise hazard and proteetive measures were found among groups of different age, gender, household register, and educational level. The workers of different age showed significant differences in the awareness rate of once-a-year-oecupational-health-examination （x2=12.37, P 〈 0.05）. The male workers showed higher awareness than the female workers on the knowledge of nervous system damage induced by industrial noise 0f=5.01, P〈 0.05）. There were significant differences between local and non-local residents in the knowledge that the regular occupational health exam is demanded by laws, the frequency of occupational health examination is once a year, and cotton is not good at noise blocking 0f=5.37, 4.19, 7.90, respectively, all P 〈 0.05）. There were significant differences in the knowledge that industrial noise may induce hearing loss or deafness, industrial noise may damage nervous system, adverse health effect may increase with intensity, and the laws stipulate regular occupational health exams between the industrial noise exposed workers of different education background （x2=22.37,. 15.09, 9.63, 13.07, respectively, all P 〈0.05）. [ Conclusion ] The knowledge of industrial noise hazard and protection should be further strengthened among workers with occupational exposure to noise in Putuo District. Relevant instructions and trainings should be deliverable to target workers.
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2012年第7期437-440,共4页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
关键词
接噪工人
危害
防护
知识
workers exposed to industrial noise
hazard
protection
knowledge
