摘要
2007～2009年每月2次,其中4～6月每月5次对湖口江段的鱼类群落特征及其多样性组成进行了调查,共收集鱼类样本4 241尾,隶属7科19属26种。群落优势种为黄颡鱼(Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)和粗唇鮠(Leio-cassi crassilabis),占样本个体总数的64.03%;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为1.782,Simpson优势度指数(λ)为0.54,Pielou均匀度指数(J′)为0.547,Margalef种类丰富度指标(D)为2.993,Wilhm改进指数(H″)1.873,相对稀有种数(R)为57.69%;长江湖口江段鱼类群落中体重50～500g的中小型鱼类占绝对优势,体重>500g的大型鱼类占的比例非常小,经济鱼类趋于小型化,鱼类群落稳定性较低,生物多样性处于较低水平。鱼类群落可分为3个生态类型,其中江海洄游性鱼类有3种、河湖洄游性鱼类4种、定居性鱼类19种;食鱼性鱼类有8种,食无脊椎动物性鱼类11种,杂食性鱼类3种,食浮游生物性鱼类有2种,草食性鱼类2种。
Abstract： The investigation on the species composition and biodiversity of fish community in Hukou section of the Yangtze River was carried out two times monthly from 2007 to 2009,including five times in April- June. A total of 26 species and 4 243 individuals were collected, belonging to 19 genera, 7 families. The dominant species were Pseudobagrus fulvidraco and Leiocassi crassilabi ,accounting for 64. 03 % of the to- tal fish species. The eigenvalues of species diversity were Shannon-wiener＇s index （H＇） being 1. 782,Simp- son＇s （;t） being 0.54,Pielou＇s index （J＇） being 0. 547,Margalef＇s index（D） being 2. 993,Wilhm＇s index （H＂） being 1. 873 and Relative rare species （R） being 57. 69%. In the fish community,middle-small fishes with a mean body weight 50--500 g were the most superior in numbers, but big fishes with a mean body weight more than 500 g were the less percentage in numbers,the capture size of commercial fishes became smaller,and the stability and biodiversity of fish community were lower levels in the Hukou section. The fish community could be classified into 3 ecological types, i. e. ,river-sea estuarine fish （3 species ）,river- lake estuarine fish （4 species ） ,migratory fish （19 species） ;piscivorous fishs （8 species ） ,invertebrate fish （11 species）,omnivorous fishes （3 species）,planktivorous fish （2 species）,herbivorous fish （2 species）.
出处
《长江流域资源与环境》
CAS
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期684-691,共8页
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin
基金
国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室三峡工程环境保护项目(SX[2004]-015)
