摘要
针对浙江某地苯酚泄漏事件,结合实地监测和实验室研究,探索苯酚的水体污染化学行为对水体生态系统的影响和急性毒性效应.本研究选取水生生态系统中明亮发光杆菌T3、优势藻四尾栅藻Scenedesmus quadricauda以及模式鱼斑马鱼Brachydanio rerio为研究对象,探索水体中生产者、消费者及分解者等整个生态系统对不同苯酚浓度胁迫下的生态响应.结果表明,水生生物对苯酚污染浓度的生态响应差异显著,虽然苯酚对发光细菌、四尾栅藻及鱼体都具有一定的毒性影响,但四尾栅藻抑制率与苯酚浓度之间并没有良好的线性关系.发光细菌的相对发光率与苯酚浓度的关系表明,0.2—25 mg.L-1苯酚浓度对水体会产生低毒作用,而30—100 mg.L-1苯酚浓度对水体会产生中毒作用.苯酚对四尾栅藻的影响主要表现为光合作用的暗反应破坏,高浓度苯酚处理组中四尾栅藻会将残余苯酚浓度作为自身碳源而短暂地促进其生长.斑马鱼在苯酚浓度高于15 mg.L-1时,会发生体重下降、死亡率上升、呼吸急促、游动迅速以及导致水质变坏等现象,并且在100 mg.L-1苯酚浓度处理下,鱼体内富集大量苯酚,通过食物链进而对人类健康产生影响.
The effect of phenol on aquatic ecosystem was investigated by combining field monitoring and laboratory studies.Photobacterium phosphoreum,Scenedesmus quadricauda,Brachydanio rerio were selected in this study to explore the ecological response of producers,consumers and decomposers in the aquatic ecosystem to different concentrations of phenol stress.The results showed that toxic effects of phenol on luminescent bacteria,algae and fish were found,but there was no good linear relationship between inhibition rate of S.quadricauda and phenol concentration.Relationship of phenol concentration with the relative luminous efficiency of luminous bacteria indicated that the toxicity effect occurred at phenol concentrations higher than 0.2 mg·L-1.The toxic effect of phenol on S.quadricauda may be mainly due to the destruction of the dark reaction in photosynthesis.High concentration phenol promoted the growth,probably because phenol may be regarded as a carbon source for S.quadricauda.The weight loss,increased mortality,shortness of breath,swimming speed increase of zebra fish and deterioration of water quality were found after treatment of phenol concentration higher than 15 mg·L-1.The accumulated concentration of phenol in fish at 100 mg·L-1 exposure concentration was high,which could cause serious threat to human health through food chain.
出处
《环境化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期714-719,共6页
Environmental Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(21177106)资助
