摘要
按照海水滴生成机制和粒径大小,由海浪破碎生成的海洋飞沫分为膜滴、射滴和裂滴三大类,较小的海水滴在大气中滞留时间长,成为云的凝结核,对长期气候变化有重要影响,较大的海水滴参与海—气界面动量和热量交换过程,有利于热带气旋的形成和发展。海洋飞沫的生成与海上风速、海浪、海流和大气稳定度等因素有关,但由于缺乏观测数据,刻画海洋飞沫效应的关键物理量——海洋飞沫生成函数通常用海上风速进行参数化,忽略其他因素的影响,彼此间的差异非常大,给研究海洋飞沫对气候和海—气相互作用的影响造成困难,需要进一步开展海洋飞沫的观测,考虑风速之外的其他因素对海洋飞沫生成函数的作用,改进海洋飞沫热量和动量效应的参数化方案,进而阐明海洋飞沫对气候和海—气相互作用的影响。
According to the generation mechanism and size, sea spray resulted from wave breaking can be divided into film, jet and spume droplets. The smaller droplets can become condensation nuclei in low clouds and play a great role in climate change. The larger droplets affect the exchange processes of momentum and heat through air-sea interface, which can enhance the development of tropical cyclones. As the most important physical quantity, sea spray generation function, which depends on wind speed, wave, current and atmospheric stability, has been parameterized by wind speed solely due to the lack of observational data. Its results are so greatly uncertain that is difficult to evaluate the influence of sea spray on air-sea interaction. It is pointed out that more observations, especially at high wind speed, are needed, and the other factors except for wind speed should be taken into account in the parameterization of sea spray generation function. The estimation method of heat and momentum effects of sea spray on air-sea interaction also needs to be modified further.
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期624-632,共9页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目"基于现场观测和海洋遥感的气体交换速率研究"(编号:41076007)资助
关键词
海洋飞沫生成函数
海水滴
风速
波浪
海—气相互作用
Sea spray generation function
Seawater droplet
Wind speed
Wave
Air-sea interaction.
