摘要
目的调查了解某院2010年5月-2011年4月病原菌的分布及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法回顾性分析4 254株病原菌分布及耐药情况。结果从各种标本中分离出病原菌4 254株,其中革兰阳性球菌653株（15.4%）,革兰阴性杆菌2 537株（59.6%）,真菌1 064株（25.0%）。按标本来源,痰液检出阳性率最高（51.4%）,其次为尿液（16.4%）。分离出的革兰阴性杆菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌、产气肠杆菌为主,其中前三种细菌对亚胺培南和阿米卡星耐药率低（0.2%-8.5%）,鲍曼不动杆菌耐药率较高。分离出的革兰阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌为主,对万古霉素、呋喃妥因及氯霉素的耐药率低。结论分离的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、葡萄球菌、肠球菌。病原菌主要来自痰液、尿液、血液的标本。临床分离病原菌耐药现象日趋严重,应加强细菌耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物,减少多重耐药的产生。
Objective To investigate the distribution and drug susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria in a hospital from May 2010 to April 2011, and to provide the evidence for clinical rational drug use. Methods The distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of 4,254 strains of pathogenic bacteria were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 4,254 isolates were ob- tained from a variety of specimens, including 653 strains of grampositive bacteria （15.4 % ）, 2,537 strains of gramnegative bacteria （59.6%）, and 1,064 strains of fungi （25.0%）. By the origin of the isolates, the sputum-positive detection rate was the highest （51.4%）, followed by urine （16.4%）. The most common gramnegative bacteria isolated from the specimens were mainly Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter aerogenes. Among them, the first three of bacteria had low- lew.q resistance to imipenem and amikacin （0.2% -8.5% ）, but Acinetobacter baumannii showed high resistance. The most coma-non gram - positive cocci pathogens isolated from the specimens were mainly Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis, they showed low drug resistance to vancomycin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. Conclusions The main pathogens isolated were Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudornonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The bacteria were mainly isolated from sputum, urine, and blood specimens. The drug resistance of clini- cal isolates was rising greatly. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance of bacterial resistance, rational use of antimicrobial drugs and reduce the multi - drug resistance.
出处
《实用预防医学》
CAS
2012年第2期261-264,共4页
Practical Preventive Medicine
关键词
医院感染
致病菌
细菌分布
药敏分析
Nosocomial infection
Pathogenic bacteria
Bacterial distribution
Drug sensitivity analysis
