摘要
"找价"是明清时期中国乡村一桩土地交易完成以后,卖主仍向买主索取加价的经济行为。本文从社会学视角,分析这一行为产生的社会背景、市场交易特点、官方对这一行为的态度及乡村土地的所有权特征,梳理"找价"被认可、规范确定和边界实现等方面的社会机制,以此解释这一现象出现和维持的合理性。
Asking for additional money after the initial closure of a deal （Zhaojia） was a special economic behavior in rural land transactions. It was a broadly practiced economic phenomenon in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, that is, after the initial closure of a deal, the seller still had the right to ask for additional money from the buyer. Plattner＇s theory is used here as a frame to divide impersonal and personal exchanges to explain this phenomenon from the sociological perspective. I contend that Zhaojia belonged to the kind of personal exchanges and it was made possible when built upon stable social relationships. In this study, I first examined the social background of this economic behavior and discovered that most land transactions took place in villages where the seller and the buyer were often familiar with each other, and that both sides had other social relationships than the relationship in the transaction. The seller often sold his land with a low price, so the local elites would support the seller when he asked was done. Past scholars have pointed for more money after the transaction out that, although the seller could repeatedly ask for additional money, the total value should be within a reasonable range perceived as such by the general public. If what the seller asked for surpassed the upper limit, he would be regarded as greedy and even be accused or punished. I also examined the characteristic of land ownership as it was the basis of land transactions. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, if lineages or other local organizations were successful in making advancement, they then needed to own adequate amount of land in order to secure the extension of the lineages and their positions in the local society. Once the land became the joint family or lineage property, if somebody wanted to sell his piece of land, purchase privilege was given to the members in the seller＇s lineage. Land signified the existence of the lineage; the lineage imposed rules to regulate any individual who wanted to sell l
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第1期220-242,共23页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目"农村土地流转中的产权困境及其社会学分析"(09CSH025)的阶段成果~~
关键词
找价
合理性
土地交易
社会机制
Zhaojia, rationality,land transaction, social mechanisms
