摘要
[目的]探讨植食性昆虫对草坪的危害。[方法]以陕西师范大学雁塔校区内的白三叶草草坪为例,随机选取3个有代表性的1 m×1 m样方,对10 118片成熟白三叶草叶片的虫食状类型和取食强度进行了分析。[结果]西安市白三叶草叶片虫食状多样,共鉴定出16种虫食状,其出现频度以及取食强度有很大不同;阴面食状在30%以上,阳面食状、缘食状、泡状、小孔状、掏食状的频度在5%～20%;其余10种虫食状类型频度均在5%以下。对叶片的危害程度取决于取食面积和频度,阴面食状和阳面食状2种类型的取食面积大、取食频度高,对白三叶草草坪的危害程度大;缘食状和顶食状尽管取食频度一般,但取食面积大,对白三叶草的危害程度也较大。16种虫食状中,泡状和连续小孔状、顶食状和线状、潜叶状和切叶状呈极显著负相关,掏食状和褶皱状、连续小孔状和细长条状、大孔状和叶中脉呈显著正相关,阴面食状和大孔状、泡状和细长条状呈显著负相关,其他虫食状间均无显著相关性,反映出不同昆虫取食的差异及其生态位关系。西安地区白三叶草叶片的昆虫取食频率为15.57%,受害程度较低,这可能与季节有关。[结论]为探讨植食性昆虫取食行为与植物协同进化的关系奠定了基础。
[Objective] The aim was to study phytophagous insects＇ damage to the lawn.[Method] Trifolium repens L.in Yanta campus of Shaanxi Normal University was taken as example.3 representative quadrats of 1 m×1 m were selected randomly,and 10 118 mature leaves＇ insect herbivory pattern and intensity of leaf damage were analysed.[Result] The patterns of leaf area eaten were diverse with their frequencies greatly varied.Totally 16 patterns of leaf area eaten by insects were identified,among which the frequencies of the lower epidermis defoliation were more than 30%,the upper epidermis defoliation,edge defoliations,bloth-shaped mine,the small perforation,excavating defoliation 5%-20%,the other 10 kinds of insect herbivory patterns less than 5%.The intensity of leaf damage depended on the pattern of leaf area eaten and its frequency.Because of the high frequencies and serious damage of leaves,the upper epidermis defoliation and lower epidermis defoliation were the most important types to damaged leaves of Trifolium repens L.The edge defoliations and top defoliations were with general frequencies but large sizes,so they also damaged the leaves greatly.Results of correlation analysis show that among the 16 patterns significant positive correlations were found between six pairs,which indicated the difference of eating pattern of different insects in space and time.The rate of leaf damage was 15.57% which was a little lower and may vary from seasons.[Conclusion] The research laid a foundation for studying the the relationship between behavior of insect herbivory and plants＇ coevolution.
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
北大核心
2011年第33期20549-20552,共4页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家基础科学人才培养基金项目(J1103511)
关键词
虫食状
取食强度
白三叶草
西安地区
Insect herbivory pattern
Intensity of leaf damage
Trifolium repens L.
Xi＇an
