摘要
取食辽东栎 (Quercus liaotungensis)叶片的植食性昆虫有丰富的多样性和重要的生态功能 ,昆虫取食叶片留下的形状变化多、易观察 ,可以作为昆虫物种多样性监测的手段之一。研究北京西部东灵山地区辽东栎叶片被植食性昆虫取食状况 ,发现昆虫对辽东栎叶片的危害非常普遍 ,叶片被食频率约为 90 % ,被食面积约 5 % ;取食状可分为 9类 ,其中以缘食和孔食为主 ;共记录 2 0余种植食性昆虫 ,其中蛾类幼虫和甲虫是主要取食种类 ;植食性昆虫集中出现在叶片发育的早期阶段 (5～ 6月份 ) ,7月份后 ,大多数幼虫发育成熟 ,取食叶片的面积减少 ;各取食状所涉及昆虫种类的组成不同 ,面积呈不同的季节变化模式 ,其中缘食状和孔食状之间有显著的正相关关系 ;辽东栎叶片在展叶初的叶面积最低 ,在 7月底均达到最大值 ,然后呈下降趋势 ;单位面积重量也在展叶初最低 ,在 6月底接近最大值 ;不同坡向的辽东栎林的叶片面积、单位面积重量及叶片被食面积均有显著差异 ,偏阳坡 (东南坡 )高于偏阴坡 (西北坡 )。以上结果表明 ,辽东栎叶片维持了昆虫物种多样性 ,昆虫的生长发育与辽东栎的物候规律相互协调 ,昆虫种类的取食呈季节和空间变化。
Phytophagous insects play an important role in ecological systems and are very abundant on Quercus liaotungensis.The feeding patterns of insects are easily observed and may serve as indicators in the monitoring of insect species diversity.This study investigated leaf damage of Q.liaotungensis by phytophagous insects at Dongling Mountain near Beijing,China.Insect herbivores were very abundant with 90% of leaves and 5% of leaf area eaten.There were 9 kinds of damage patterns,among which edge defoliation and perforation were dominant.About 20 species of insect herbivores were recorded,with moth larvae and beetle adults were the most abundant groups.The phytophagous insects appeared in the early stage of leaf expansion from May to June.After July,most insect larvae became adults so that area eaten decreased.Due to the seasonal changes in the composition of the herbivore guild,eating patterns also showed seasonal changes of damage area.Edge defoliation was positively correlated with perforation defoliation.Leaf area and leaf weight per unit area were lowest in the early stages of leaf expansion.Leaf area was highest near the end of July and showed a slight decrease after August.Leaf weight per unit area peaked earlier, near the end of June. Total leaf area, leaf weight per unit area, and the percentage of damaged leaf area all showed significant differences across different slopes.All these parameters had higher values on southeast facing slopes relative to northwest slopes.The results from this study show that many insect species eat the leaves of Q.liaotungensis,and that these are adapted to the phenological cycle of Q.liaotungensis,showing seasonal and spatial changes in their patterns of consumption.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第5期553-560,共8页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目"中国关键地区生物多样性保育研究"( 3989336 0 )
