摘要
1、在短光照或温室条件件下高粱品种出苗～抽穗期日数显著缩短,供试品种平均比对照分别缩短12.5天和13.635天,缩短百分率分别为18.8和20.5;伴随苗穗期日数的缩短,叶片数在短光或温室条件下分别减少3.9和4.275片,减少百分数分别为22.24和24.22;株高分别降低60.15和47.65厘米,降低百分数为25.88和20.5,表明光、温直接影响高粱的生育进程和器官建成的数量与结构。 2、高粱品种生育日数变化主要反映在出苗～抽穗期。出苗～抽穗日数在短光或温室条件下分别减少18.8％和20.5％.而抽穗～成熟日数仅减少5.1％和8.3％,表明高粱出苗～抽穗期是光温反应的最大效应期。 3、不同品种在短光或温室条件下性状变化的趋势一致,但程度明显不同;同一品种同一性状在上述条件下变化程度也不同。根据供试品种对光温敏感的程度划为四大类群,其数量与地理分布如下: Ⅰ、光温敏感型,占试验品种总数的20％.分布在长江以北,辽宁以南地区。Ⅱ、温敏感型,包括温敏感光中度敏感型和温敏感光迟钝型,占25%,分布在黄河以北,北纬45℃以南的山西、内蒙、辽宁、河北北部和吉林南部。Ⅲ、光敏感型、包括光敏感沮中度敏感型和光敏感温迟钝型,占12.5％,分布在黄河(北纬35°)以南,南岭(北纬25°)以北地区。Ⅳ、中度敏感型占42.5％,分布广且没有明显的地带性。试验未发现对光、温都迟钝的类型。北方温敏感型品种较多,短日性较弱,南方光敏感型品种较多,短日性强、感温性中等或较弱。不同光温类型的形成、分布与其所处的生态环境即光温条件和栽培制度密切相关。 4、温敏感型和光敏感型中早熟品种较多,占86％,光温敏感型品种既有早熟的,中熟的、也有晚熟的,所以光温敏感的品种不一定全是早熟品种,而晚熟品种也并非对光温反应不敏感。中度敏感型品种也有早熟、中熟和晚�
The experiment was conducted at the Sorghum Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Tests were carried out in greenhouse, mobile-house and field conditions, with the field experiment as the control. Forty cultivated varieties that were selected from different regions in China were used. The results of the variance analysis indicated that variations in the time interval from the seedling to heading stages, the number of leaves per plant and the plant height of different varieties in different day length and temperature conditions were remarkable. The change in the time from the seedling to the heading stages determined the change in growing period, the number of leaves and the plant height. The degree of the changes in the time from the seedling to the heading stages for different varieties under different treatments were expressed by their response sensitivities to the change in day-length and temperature. On the basis of the results, the tested varieties were classified into 4 photo-temperature types. The characters, distributions, ripeness and the adaptability of the photo-temperature types were also discussed.
关键词
中国高粱
类型
温度
光长
适应性
Kaoliang
Temperature
light
Length of illumination
Adaptability
