摘要
业,是印度宗教哲学最重要的观念之一。本文指出,在《梨俱吠陀》、《阿闼陀吠陀》、《梵书》中,"业"一词虽系就献祭或一般行为而言,但业报积存、天堂地狱等说法,已逐步形成。至奥义书,明确指出善恶行为会有相对应的结果,影响来生的命运;人如能与梵合一,可永恒不朽,否则不断转生。由此可见,业报轮回说已十分成熟,并成为梵我理论的有机组成部分;而业报转移和临终一念决定转世去向的说法,亦见于《奥义书》。凡此种种,皆应为佛学研究者所注意。
Karma is a crucial religious and philosophical concept in India. This essay points out, in Rgveda, Atharvaveda and Brāhmana, karma though denotes sacrifice, work or deed, the ideas of accumulation of karmic consequences, heaven and hell have been gradually taken shape. In Upanisad, good and bad deeds will have corresponding results that affect the subsequent lives. If people can reach the realm of Brahman, immortality can be also attained. Otherwise, people will be born repeatedly. Karma and rebirth become an organic component of brahman-ātman theory. Upanisad also voices out that karma can be transferred and the last thought at the point of death will determine the fate of next life. All these should not been overlooked by Buddhist scholars.
出处
《南亚研究》
CSSCI
2011年第3期136-149,共14页
South Asian Studies
基金
香港研究资助局的资助(项目编号:CityU149109)
关键词
业
轮回
吠陀
奥义书
佛教
karma
transmigration
Veda
Upanisad
Buddhism
