摘要
以普通小麦、硬粒小麦和一粒小麦为试验材料,研究了不同倍性小麦种间杂交的结实率、F1的细胞学行为,为挖掘其有利基因提供理论依据。结果表明,倍性高的小麦作母本杂交结实率低,反之结实率高。用中国春作母本与圆锥小麦杂交,结实率为19.1%,反交结实率为35.2%;以河东乌麦作母本与圆锥小麦杂交,结实率为33.1%,其反交结实率达45.1%。小麦种间杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂异常,表现为中期Ⅰ单价体排列在赤道板两侧,后期Ⅰ单价体分离落后以及单价体姊妹染色单体提前解离等现象,产生的四分体有微核出现,形成花粉的育性明显降低,甚至表现高度不育,这是造成杂种结实率低的主要原因。
In order to provide theoretical basis for exploiting useful genes, this experiment investigated the seed setting rate of interspecific crosses and cytological behavior of hybrid F1 with different ploidy of common wheat,durum wheat and einkorn wheat. The results showed that high ploidy wheat as the female parent displayed low seeding rate,on the contrary, generating high seeding rate. The seed setting rate was 19.1% by common wheat Chinese spring as the female parent crossing with Triticum turgidum ,while it was 35.2% with reverse cross. The seed setting rate of hybrids from different parents had obvious difference. The seed setting rate was 33. 1G by Hedong black wheat as the female parent crossing with Triticum turgidum ,while it was 45.1 G with reverse cross. Abnormal chromosomal behaviors of the interspecific hybrid F1 pollen mother cells were observed,including univalents located on both sides of the equatorial plate at metaphase of meiosis,and lagging separation of univalents and earlier dissociation of their sister chromatids at anaphase I of meiosis. All these abnormal behaviors could result in various micronuclei in some tetrads and make pollen fertility lower, even high infertility. These were main elements causing low seed setting rate of hybrids.
出处
《河南农业科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第9期14-17,共4页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省教育厅自然科学计划项目(2011A180011)
关键词
小麦
种间杂种
倍性
细胞学
Wheat
Interspecific hybrid
Ploidy
Cytology
