摘要
我国"城市最低生活保障制度"下的就业救助政策,被赋予期待低收入者积极脱贫自立的目标,但是效果并不如预期。本文以广州市H社区为研究个案,从基层管理者、低保对象的视角出发,试图对政策过程包括"进入与退出"机制、方案施行和政策效果做全面评价。研究结果显示,现有的制度设计大大减少了福利依赖的可能性,在扩展低保户人际关系方面起到了正面作用,但是在工作岗位提供、劳动培训等相关配套措施上都无法满足目标群体的需求,从而导致政策目标功效有限。同样,西方"激活"政策脉络在于如何设计再就业机制的有效衔接,避免社会排斥和福利依赖。与我国城市就业救助政策相比较,二者在制度理念、制度背景均不同,因此在延用相关概念时应当谨慎。
Policy of employment assistance in urban China under Minimum Living Standard is expected to sustain the target group in the labour market and away from the poverty,however,it fails.This case-oriented research aims to discuss implementation of employment assistance policy in H community of Guangzhou from the perspectives of policy implementers and beneficiaries,as well as evaluate dynamic management,programs design and implementation efficiency comprehensively.The findings are presented as follows,on one hand,existing policy design helps to alleviate welfare dependency and enlarge the social network;on the other hand,it functions insufficiently in fitting target group to the job vacant or offering training.Correspondingly,policy of employment assistance is unable to sustain independence of the target group.Similarly in western paradigm,activation policy is designed to avoid welfare dependency and social exclusion through the mechanism which is linked with work.It should be cautious when we adopt the concept of activation in analysis under the context of China,due to their different embeddnesses in different institutional backgrounds.
出处
《社会保障研究》
2011年第4期67-77,共11页
Social Security Studies
关键词
城市就业救助
动态管理
脱贫自立
社会融入
“激活”政策
policy of urban employment assistance
dynamic management
self-sustaining independency
social insertion
activation policy
