摘要
欧盟是世界资源的主要进口地区,年资源进口量均超10亿t,欧盟经济发展受资源约束严重。近年欧盟资源外交呈现了新的变化,2008年11月4日欧盟委员会发布了欧盟资源的总体原材料战略——《欧盟原材料倡议》,标志着欧盟资源政策的新走向。在对欧盟资源供需状况、资源政策走向分析的基础上,得到了欧盟战略资源稀缺,而中国等少数国家储量丰富;欧盟新能源技术发展快速,而中国刚刚起步。因此,中欧在战略性资源、农产品资源等具有较高的互补性,在化石和新能源技术方面具有巨大的发展潜力。提出了驱动欧盟资源外交的5个主要力量,这些力量为欧盟资源外交营造了良好的氛围,加强了谈判的力量,提供了安全的资源外交环境,并确保了欧盟资源的安全供应。根据中欧资源禀赋的差异,提出了重点资源合作领域:优先保障战略性资源,积极研发化石能源和可再生能源的技术开发和大力发展农产品资源贸易合作,并为中国资源外交提供了相应的对策。这些对中国应对资源危机、破解资源瓶颈,提升我国资源领域国际话语权和影响力,保障国家资源安全等具有重要的参考价值。
The EU is the major resources importer around the world. The net inflow volumes of resources in recent years are all over 1 billion tons. EU＇s economy is therefore seriously affected by resource constraints. Over recent years, its resource diplomacy shows a new change. The European Commission issued the EU＇s overall raw materials strategy EU Raw Materials Initiative on 4 November, 2008. On the basis of economic impact and risk analysis of 41 mineral resources, this initiative listed 14 kinds of resources as ＂shortage＂ minerals, and formulated some policies to ensure the supply of these scarce resources. This marked a new direction of the EU＇s common resources policy. Based on analysis of EU＇s resource supply and demand, it was found that some strategic resources are scarce in the EU, but more reserves are in China and other developing countries; and new energy technologies are developed fast in the EU, but they are immature in China. Therefore, China and the EU have highly complementary strategic resources and agricultural products, such as antimony, niobium, rare earth, tungsten, and cereals, and have great potential for cooperation in fossil and renewable energy. On the basis of analysis of the EU resource diplomatic policy, they show characteristics, like enhancing the rational development and RD of resources, saving resource, expanding reserves and international cooperation, and diversifying import sources, which provide reference for improving China＇s resource policy and ease the resource crisis. These forces, economic, legal, military, civil, and values powers, are the driving forces of the EU resource diplomacy. These forces create a good atmosphere, strengthen the bargaining chips, provide a secure environment for the EU＇s diplomatic resources, and ensure the security of resources supply. According to differences in resource endowments, we proposed the key areas of China-EU＇s resource cooperation, i.e., giving priority to strategic resources, development of fossil energy and renewable en
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期1822-1829,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国土资源部重点咨询课题:"欧盟资源外交战略研究"之部分成果(编号:YOLOOO43AJ)
关键词
中国
欧盟
资源外交
政策
China
EU
Resource diplomacy
Policy
