摘要
目的了解护士职业紧张反应(VS)与职业任务(ORQ)、应对资源(PRQ)及人格特征的关系,探讨影响重庆市护士VS的因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)与卡特尔16种人格因素量表(16-PF)对重庆市743名护士进行调查。结果①与成渝两地技术人员常模(17.36±5.06)比较,重庆市护理人员的VS(18.89±4.53)明显高于常模(P<0.01)。②不同婚姻状况、不同医院性质、是否为独生子女护士的VS得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),护士VS得分与ORQ各子项均呈正相关(P<0.01),与个体PRQ中的理性处事(RC)、社会支持(SS)呈负相关(P<0.01),与世故性(N)、恃强性(E)、忧虑性(O)、紧张性(Q4)人格特征呈正相关(P<0.01),与敢为性(H)、实验性(Q1)、自律性(Q3)、有恒性(G)、敏感性(I)、独立性(Q2)人格特征呈负相关(P<0.01)。逐步多元线性回归分析显示医院性质、工龄、任务不适(RI)、任务模糊(RA)、任务冲突(RB)、责任感(R)、工作环境(PE)、休闲娱乐(RE)、RC、N、Q2、Q3影响护士VS得分,对护士的VS具有预测力。结论护士的VS与ORQ、PRQ及人格特征有关。建议开设相应的护理教育项目,提高护士的知识水平及业务技能;明确护士的工作职责,提高个人防护意识,加强护士职业角色人格的培养以缓解护士VS。
Objective To assess vocational strain（VS） and its relation with occupational role,personal coping resources and personality characteristics,and to discuss the relative factors of nusers＇ VS in Chongqing.Methods A test was carried out with revised occupational stress inventory（OSI-R）and the sixteen personadity factor questionnaire（16-PF）for 743 nurses.Results ①The scores of VS（18.89±4.53）for nurses in Chongqing were higher than the common example（17.36±5.06）.②The scores of VS were obviously different among nurses with different marital status,different grade of hospital,and whether or not only-child nurses（P0.05）.The scores of VS were positively correlated with all items of occupational role（P0.01）,and negatively correlated with the items of rational cognitive（RC）and social support（SS,P0.01）.In personality characteristics,the scores of VS were positively correlated with sophisticate（N）,emulative（E）,apprehension（O） and tension（Q4,P0.01）,and negatively correlated with social boldness（H）,openness（Q1）,self-descipline（Q3）,persistence（G）,sensitivity（I）and independence（Q2,P0.01）.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the grade of hospital,the length of work,role insufficiency（RI）,role ambiguity（RA）,role boundary（RB）,responsibility（R）,physical environment（PE）,recreation（RE）,RC,E,Q2 and Q3 impacted the scores of VS,they could predict the nurses＇ VS.Conclusion Nurses＇ VS relates to occupational role,personal coping resources and personality characteristics.To relieve the nurses＇ VS,it is right proposal to offer corresponding nursing courses,clear the nurses＇ job responsibilities,improve individual protection consciousness,rich amateur life and train the adaptive role personality of nurse.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2011年第4期309-311,共3页
China Occupational Medicine
