摘要
塔里木河是南疆主要的经济生活水源,其河道变化会引起绿洲变化,从而导致人类活动发生变化。学者虽对历史时期的塔河变化有研究,但对18世纪以来的河道变化缺乏细致的研究,这一时期是人类活动对环境影响日益增多的时期。在野外考察基础上,借助历史文献、历史地图对塔河干流沙雅以上和以下段分别进行研究,结果显示,18世纪20年代,塔河干流分南河、北河;18世纪50年代,南河与北河合为一条,沿北河位置行水;至19世纪10年代,塔河干流南移,在南河(即大干河)位置行水;以后至20世纪10年代,沙雅及其以上河段再次北移,沿北河位置行水,以下河段仍沿南河位置行水,称叶尔羌河或塔里木河。至迟在40年代中期,沙雅以下河段向北迁移,沿渭干河行水,形成现代塔里木河河道。20世纪以前河道变化主要受自然气候变化所导致的河水量变化及河流自身运行规律影响比较大,在河道淤积基础上,水量变化是河流改道的主要原因;以后受人类农业生产的影响日益加大。
The Tarim River is a main water source supporting the production and life of people lived in south Xinjiang,China,and its change will influence oases and human activities.To date,there was little detailed research about the change of the Tarim River from the 18th Century,duing this period the environment was heavily influenced by human activities.We analyses channel change based on historical documents,historical map and field work.The Tarim River included south mainstream and north mainstream during 1720s until the south mainstream combined into north mainstream in 1750s,and then the mainstream of the Tarim River transfered towards the south mainstream channel during 1810s.The mainstream to west of Shaya moved to the north mainstream channel again during 1910s,and the mainstream to east of Shaya did not change until it moved toward the north mainstream channel and shaped the modern Tarim River in the middle of 1940s.The results also showed that channel change of the Tarim River was a direct result of natural factor change such as climate change etc before the 20th Century,and the influence of over-growing human activities after the 20th Century.
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期1072-1078,共7页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40761020)
中国科学院"西部之光"项目(2008YB01)资助
关键词
塔里木河
干流
河道变化
人类活动
Tarim River
mainstream
channel change
human activities
