摘要
基于已出版的有关文献研究探析西方社会对科学认识的历史演变过程,发现可分为从古希腊时期把科学视为个人纯粹理性认识的真理,到文艺复兴时期起强调观察实验并追求实效的科学知识,到19世纪后半期起逻辑思维和经验验证并重的科学认识,20世纪后半期起重视科学共同体的共同理解解释活动,再到深受社会政治、经济和文化制度和情境深刻影响和制约的社会科学活动,直到目前将科学视为高度体现人类能动性的科学实践活动。这些不同阶段的科学观根据其特点被分别概括为真理科学观、经验科学观、表象科学观、文化历史主义科学观、社会科学观和实践科学观。最后简要讨论西方科学观演变对我国科学发展的启示。
Based on a review of related literature,the paper explores the evolution of western science perspectives and finds that it can be divided into such periods as ancient Greek philosophers' pure rational pursuit of the Truth,the empirical searching and testing of practical knowledge since the Renaissance,the dual emphasis on logical ration and empirical testing since the second half of the 19th century,the science community activities of understanding and explanation since the second half of the 20th century,the deeply institution constrained and constructed social activities of science,and the human initiative of practical scientific activities.Based on the characteristics of these periods,their science perspectives are respectively named as the Truth perspective,the empirical perspective,the representational perspective,the cultural and historic perspective,the social perspective,the practice perspective.And finally the implications for Chinese are discussed briefly.
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第6期808-813,共6页
Studies in Science of Science
关键词
西方科学观
真理科学观
经验科学观
表象科学观
文化历史主义科学观
社会科学观
实践科学观
western science perspectives
the truth perspective
the empirical perspective
the representational perspective
the cultural and historic perspective
the social perspective
the praxis perspective