摘要
目的预测南京日遗化武（JACW）移动式销毁作业中可能发生的突发事件,探讨其应急医学救援流程。方法调查JACW的种类、销毁作业流程,评估作业风险,据此预测突发事件中可能出现的伤情种类和伤员数量,配置医学救援力量,制定救治流程。结果在南京托管库保存的JACW化学战剂有二苯氰胂、二苯氯胂、苯氯乙酮、芥子气及路易气,以前两者数量居多;多数是毒气筒,少数是炮弹。预测单次销毁作业突发事件伤员数量达47人,重伤23人。预测伤情类型包括化学武器伤（毒剂伤）、烧伤、爆炸伤和混合伤。救治流程如下：根据化学战剂的种类和伤者特殊表现迅速判定患者的综合情况;根据化学战剂种类和损伤部位选择正确的洗消方法;救治伤员应按红卡（需立即救治）、黄卡（可稍后处理）、绿卡（可延期处理）及黑卡（濒死或死亡）分类并进行救治。结论预测JACW移动式销毁作业中可能发生的突发事件,根据调查结果科学配置应急救援力量,制定救治流程,可为其他同类作业提供重要参考。
Objective To explore the potential injuries and amount of the wounded during destruction of JACW in transportable system（TSD）,thereby to formulate the rational allocation of medical staff at the scene and the scientific algorithm of medical rescue in emergent events.Methods Prediction of the different injuries and amount of the wounded,allocation of the force for emergency medical rescue（EMR）,and EMR algorithm were formulated based on the detailed investigation on the types of chemical weapons,working processes and risks during the elimination of JACW in the TSD background.Results The JACW in Nanjing Depository were diphenylcyanarsine,diphenylchloroarsine,chloroacetophenone,mustard gas and lewisite,among them the foremost two were in the majority.Red tanks containing the chemical toxicants are the main types of chemical weapons in warfare,and there were also a few chemical bombs.It was estimated that four to seven workers might be injured in one accident,of them two or three might be seriously injured.The types of injury might be due to intoxication of chemical agent,chemical burn,explosion injury,or combined injuries.The rational allocation of EMR force combined with the scientific rescue algorithm was made according to the information.Conclusions It is of great significance to scientifically allocate the EMR force and formulate algorithm based on the rational prediction of the types and amount of the wounded during elimination process of JACW with TSD in Nanjing.Theory and experience from this research will provide important reference for the same kind of work in other cities later.
出处
《解放军医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期533-536,共4页
Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army
基金
全军医药卫生科研基金(10LYZ20)
关键词
化学战药物
救援作业
医学防护
移动式销毁作业
chemical warfare agents
rescue work
medical rescue
medical defense
destruction in transportable system
