摘要
稻瘟病是世界水稻各稻区的主要病害之一。目前比较经济实效的稻瘟病控制方法是培育抗性水稻品种,传统遗传育种在提高水稻病害抗性方面做出了重要贡献,然而却存在着局限性,如优质品种却感病,抗病品种产量低,育种周期长,稻瘟病菌生理小种变异快等,使得传统育种陷入了僵局。随着分子生物学研究的深入,通过转基因和分子标记辅助选择的方法,选育集高产、优质和多抗于一体的品种则可以弥补传统育种的不足;因此,在控制稻瘟病方面,更多的抗性基因的鉴定、分离和克隆就显得更加迫切和必要。本文一方面对已经克隆的14个稻瘟病抗性基因在基因结构方面进行了归类分析,找出它们基因结构间的区别与联系,为新基因的发掘提供结构上的借鉴,另一方面对这些基因抗性获得的原因进行了归类分析,探寻抗感差异原因之间的联系。最后对基因的有效利用做了一简要阐述可为生产应用方面提供帮助。抗性基因的有效发掘和利用在选育抗稻瘟病水稻新品种方面具有重要的理论和实际意义。
Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae B, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. To date, although traditional breeding make important contribution to the improvement of rice disease resistance, its limitations （e.g. barrier between good quality and high resistance, low yield but long breeding period, and rapid variation of rice blast races） cannot be ignored, which have brought traditional breeding into a deadlock. With the deepening of research of molecular biology, transgenic technology and molecular marker-assisted selection （MAS） have been applied to selection and breeding of new rice varieties with high productivity, good quality and multiple resistance, which meets the demand for modern rice breeding. Thereby, identification, isolation and cloning of more resistant genes become urgent and necessary in controlling blast diseases. In this review, classification and analysis of 14 cloned blast resistant genes were performed on gene structure to find out their differences and relationship, expected to provide references for exploiting novel blast resistant genes. Meanwhile, further analyses of resistance cause were performed to explore the relationship of resistance differences. Effective development and application of resistant genes have an important theoretical and practical significance in selection and breeding of new rice varieties.
出处
《分子植物育种》
CAS
CSCD
2011年第2期128-135,共8页
Molecular Plant Breeding
基金
国家“863”项目(2006AA100101)
福建省自然科学基金重点项目(2007J0005)
福建省杰出青年基金项目(2009J06011)
国家转基因植物新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08001-015B)
福建省农业科学院创新团队项目(STIF-Y04)共同资助
关键词
水稻
稻瘟病
抗性基因
功能
Rice
Rice blast
Resistance gene
Function
