摘要
分别以山羊草属4个不同的种为母本,以普通小麦为父本杂交,将获得的杂种再进行回交和自交。结果表明,不同种与普通小麦的可交配性存在较大差异,在人工多次授粉并有激素处理的条件下,粗山羊草与普通小麦的杂交结实率最高,2个基因型Ae42和Y92的杂交结实率分别为46.49%和22.58%;其次为卵穗山羊草,2个基因型Ae23和Y100的杂交结实率分别为12.11%和14.76%;柱穗山羊草位列第3,2个基因型Ae7和Y145的杂交结实率分别为2.23%和8.50%;拟斯卑尔脱山羊草最低,基因型Ae48的杂交结实率只有0.19%。不同种的杂种胚产生愈伤组织率不同,柱穗山羊草/小麦表现较高的水平,卵穗山羊草/小麦次之,粗山羊草/小麦第3,拟斯卑尔脱山羊草/小麦最低。卵穗山羊草/小麦的杂种幼胚直接成苗率最高,其次为粗山羊草/小麦,柱穗山羊草/小麦居第3位。山羊草与普通小麦杂种的育性较低,在自然状态下,只有卵穗山羊草/小麦能够自交结实,但自交结实率仅为0.044%,其他杂种自交不能结实。在人工多次授粉并激素处理条件下,用父、母本回交的结实率:卵穗山羊草/普通小麦组合分别为4.36%和3.71%,柱穗山羊草/普通小麦组合分别为0.33%和0,粗山羊草/普通小麦组合分别为0和0.33%。总体而言,在自然条件下,基因从普通小麦向山羊草属植物漂移的可能性比较小,但对个别种如卵穗山羊草和柱穗山羊草成为基因漂移对象的可能性不可忽视。
In order to provide scietific information on the possibility and probability of gene introgression from common wheat（Triticum astivum） into Aegilops species artificial hybridization was conducted using 7 genotypes from 4 wheat relative species as female parents,and common wheat as male parent.The result indicated that different Aegilops species had variable cross ability.Among the 4 Aegilops species,the highest hybridization rate was observed in the combination of Ae.tauschii×T.aestivum（46.49% for genotype Ae42 and 22.58% for Y92）,the second in Ae.ovata×T.astivum（14.76% for Y100 and 12.11% for Ae23）,the third in Ae.cylindrica×T.astivum（2.23% for Ae7,8.50% for Y145）,and the lowest in Ae.speltoides×T.astivum（0.19%）.Hybrid embryos from different combinations had different ability of callus initiation and germination.The hybrid embryos from A.ovata / T.eastivum and Ae.tauschii / T.eastivum had higher level of callus initiation and germination,Ae.cylindrica / T.eastivum had medium level,while the Ae.speltoides had lower level.The interspecific hybrids between Aegilops and common wheat had very low fertility.In backcrosses,the seed-set rates of Ae.ovata / T.aestivum was 3.71% and 4.36%,respectively when backcrossed with male and female parents,while for the hybrids of A.cylindrica / T.aestivum,they were 0 and 0.33%,respectively,and for A.tauschii / T.aestivum,0.33% and 0,respectively.On selfing of the hybrids,the seed-set rates were 0（no seed set from 9750 florets） for the combination of Ae.cylindrica / T.aestivum,0.044%（3 selfed seeds out of 6870 florets） for A.ovata / T.aestivum,and 0（no seed set from 7253 florets） for A.tauschii / T.aestivum.These results suggested that the probability of gene introgression from T.aestivum into Aegilops species was very low in nature.
出处
《植物遗传资源学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期255-258,270,共5页
Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
基金
欧盟INCO-DC计划资助项目(ERBIC18CT980391)
关键词
山羊草属
普通小麦
基因渐渗
可交配性
结实率
Aegilops L.
Triticum aestivum L.
Gene introgression
Cross-ability
Seed-set rate
