摘要
Ｍｏｒｉｃａｎｄｉａ是十字花科中唯一的具Ｃ３Ｃ４植物的属。为向十字花科芸苔属（Ｂｒａｓｉｃａ）作物中转移Ｃ３Ｃ４等重要性状提供基本信息，从可交配性和ＲＦＬＰ指纹图谱两个角度研究了Ｍｏｒｉｃａｎｄｉａ与芸苔属作物间的亲缘关系。结果表明：Ｍｏｒｉｃａｎｄｉａ与芸苔属作物间的可交配性很低，仅从Ｍ．ａｒｖｅｎｓｉｓ×甘蓝型油菜的１０５枚培养子房中获得４个杂种苗。用２３个甘蓝型油菜核ＤＮＡ探针和４个甜菜线粒体ＤＮＡ探针检测了芸苔属作物和ＭｏｒｉｃａｎｄｉａＣ３Ｃ４植物间ＤＮＡ限制性内切酶位点多态性。Ｍｏｒｉｃａｎｄｉａ与芸苔属物种间的同源性很高，其中白菜型油菜与Ｍ．ｎｉｔｅｎｓ之间在核基因组上的相似性甚至大于它与同属的甘蓝型油菜间的相似性。ＭｏｒｉｃａｎｄｉａＣ３Ｃ４物种与芸苔属作物在核ＤＮＡ和细胞质ＤＮＡ间的高度同源性，揭示了通过有性杂交或原生质体融合及染色体间重组的途径向栽培种转移重要基因的可能性。
Moricandia is the only genus with C3C4 species within the family of Cruciferae. To provide the basic information of transferring C3C4 and other important characteristics from Moricandia to Brassica crops, the relationships between Moricandia and Brassica species were studied based on crossability and RFLP fingerprinting. The crossability was very low between the two genera in the experiment. There was no hybrid seed obtained between M. arvensis and B. rapa though 8000 flowers were crossed. 2989 crosspollinated ovaries were cultured and also no hybrid embryo was developed. However, four intergeneric hybrid shoots were generated from 105 cultured ovaries in the combination of M. arvensis×B. napus. The nucleus DNA polymorphism of restriction loci was detected with 23 genic DNA clones of B. napus for the samples of B. napus, B. rapa and B. oleracea, M. arvensis and M. nitens. A high homology was found between Moricandia and Brassica species. The similarity between M. nitens and B. rapa was even greater than that between B. rapa and B. napus. The close relationships between Moricandia species and Brassica crops, especially European B. rapa, were also detected with 4 beta mitochondria probes. The intensive homology between Moricandia C3C4 species and Brassica crops evaluated with the RFLP markers revealed the possibility of transferring some important genes from the C3C4 species to the domesticated species by sexual hybridization or protoplast fusion followed by recombination of homoeologous chromosomes.
基金
国家自然科学基金
