摘要
与传统的二次电池相比,超级电容器具有长寿命、高功率密度的特点,但是能量密度较低。本文主要介绍了混合超级电容器的发展状况以及电极材料的最新研究进展。目前有许多研究工作者都致力于改善超级电容器体系的能量密度,一个有效的途径是提高电容器电极材料的比电容,另一个途径则应用不对称混合型超级电容器体系,即一个电极采用电极活性炭电极,而另一个电极采用赝电容电极材料或电池电极材料,通过提高电容器的工作电压,从而提高电容器的能量密度。针对提高混合型超级电容器能量密度的工作主要集中在采用具有氧化还原活性的材料与活性炭组成不对称超级电容器,比如:活性炭/NiOOH(FeOOH),活性炭/石墨,活性炭/金属氧化物以及活性炭/聚合物等混合超级电容器。近年来,锂离子嵌入化合物以及锂离子电池碳材料作为混合超级电容器的正极材料得到了广泛的关注。同时,介绍了针对由水系锂离子电池电极材料作为正极,活性炭作为负极组成的混合型超级电容器开展的研究工作,其正极材料包括LiMn2O4,LiCoO2,LiTi2(PO4)3以及LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2等。以上混合型超级电容器相比于活性炭/活性炭双电层电容器,均在能量密度的提高以及工作电压的提高上得到了较大的进展。最后本文还对近几年比较热门的几种混合型电化学电容器和相关材料的未来发展趋势作了简单介绍。
Compared with conventional secondary batteries, electrochemical supercapacitors exhibit the long cycling/ire and high power density, but with low energy density. In order to improve the energy density of supercapacitor, the most promising approaches are either to use an electrode material with large specific capacitance or increase its working voltage by utilizing a hybrid supercapacitor system which consist an activated carbon electrode and a battery elelctrode material （pseudo-capacitor material）. The present paper introduces the development of the hybrid supercapacitor and the recent research on the electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitor. Many studies have been undertaken for the various hybrid supercapacitor systems to obtain higher energy density, coupling redox-active material electrodes with activated carbon electrode, such as activated carbon/ NiOOH （FeOOH） , activated carbon/graphite, activated carbon/metal oxides and activated carbon/polymer hybrid supercapacitors. Recently, Li-ion intercalated compounds Li4Ti5Ol2 and lithium-ion battery carbon materials are attracting much attention as positive electrode with a negative activated carbon electrode. At the same time, many researches focus on the various hybrid capacitor systems consisting of negative activated carbon electrode and positive aqueous Lithium-ion battery materials electrode, such as LiMn204, LiCoO2, LiTi2 （PO4） 3 and LiCo~/3Ni~/3 Mnl/302. These hybrid supereapacitors are improved in energy density and also with the working voltage increased, comparing with the traditional activated carbon/activated carbon electrochemical double-layer capacitor. In the paper, the research situation and development tend of several kinds of hybrid systems and the currently studied relative materials are also introduced.
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期595-604,共10页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金委杰出青年基金和重点项目(No.20925312
20633040)
国家科技部973计划项目(No.2007CB209703)
上海市科委优秀学科带头人计划(No.09XD1400300)资助
