摘要
太行山前平原区小麦玉米农艺节水是解决当地水资源危机和地下水严重超采的重要途径。在前期以华北山前平原高产区作为重点研究区形成的种植节水品种、秸秆覆盖、调亏灌溉、生育期优化及株行距优化等小麦玉米农艺节水技术的基础上,集成了常规模式(底墒水+拔节水+开花水)、综合节水模式(拔节水+开花水)、模式A(拔节水)和模式B(底墒水)等4种小麦玉米农艺节水模式。本研究利用熵权综合评价法对4种节水模式从生产效益、社会经济效益和生态效益方面进行技术经济评价。结果表明:小麦玉米4种节水模式的得分排序为综合节水模式>模式A>模式B>对照(常规模式),因此小麦玉米综合节水模式综合效益最优。从4种节水模式的投入产出看,综合节水模式肥料投入最低,投入产出比、纯收益、水分利用效率和水分经济利用效率最高。小麦玉米节水是未来发展的方向,应该进一步提高农户农业节水意识,利用多种手段,促进农户采用小麦玉米节水技术优化模式。
Saving water in wheat/maize cultivation is critical not only for preventing over-exploitation of groundwater,but also averting devastating water crisis in the piedmont plain of the Mount Taihang.At the studied area,former researchers had established a series of wheat/maize agronomic water-saving techniques,such as water-saving cultivars introduction,wheat/maize straw mulching,regulated deficit irrigation,optimization of growing stage and plant spacing.Four integrated wheat/maize agronomic water-saving modes were established based on these existing techniques.They were conventional mode（with 3 irrigations before sowing,and at jointing and flowering stages of wheat and maize）,integrated water-saving mode（with 2 irrigations at jointing and flowering stages of wheat and maize）,mode A（with 1 irrigation at jointing stage of wheat and maize） and mode B（with 1 irrigation before sowing）.The modes were comprehensively evaluated with entropy weight method in relation to wheat/maize production efficiency,economic/ecological benefits and water-saving efficiency.Based on the study,the order of efficiency of four tested wheat/maize irrigation modes was as follows： integrated water-saving mode mode A mode B conventional mode（control）.The optimal wheat/corn water-saving mode was therefore the integrated water-saving mode.It had the lowest fertilizer input,and highest input-output ratio,net revenue,water use efficiency and economic water use efficiency.Saving water in wheat/maize production is the direction of future development.Farmers＇ awareness of agricultural water-saving should be strengthened,integrated water-saving mode should be promoted in wheat/maize farming in the piedmont plains of the Mount Taihang.
出处
《中国生态农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期421-428,共8页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD69B09)
2010年河北省社会科学发展研究重点课题(201002019)资助
关键词
太行山前平原区
小麦玉米
农艺节水技术
综合效益评价
Piedmont plain of the Mount Taihang
Wheat/maize cultivation
Agronomic water-saving technology
Evaluation of comprehensive benefits
