摘要
伊朗伊斯兰共和国《宪法》第81条规定,绝对禁止给予外国人特许权以组成公司或机构从事商业、工业、农业、服务业或矿产开采,该条文深刻地影响着外国公司在伊朗的经营。伊朗政府在《第一个五年经济、社会和文化发展计划法》的第29条注释中,提出了"回购"这一对外合作模式。为了确立回购合同等外资利用方式的法律地位,2002年伊朗"确定国家利益委员会"批准了《外国投资促进保护法》(FIPPA),把回购合同纳入该法鼓励和保护的范围。但回购模式不能解决非投资性质的外国油田服务公司在伊朗的法律地位问题。1993年通过、1999年修改的《自由贸易工业区管理法》使外国油田服务公司具备了在伊朗从事经营活动的法律主体资格。但是,外国油田服务公司在自由区注册后依然受到伊朗《宪法》第81条的影响。笔者建议,争取将外国油田服务公司纳入《外国投资促进保护法》的保护。同时,外国公司要通过主动适应,耐心磨合,深入研究,不断总结,找到在伊朗的生存和发展路径,把握发展机遇,实现业务目标。
Article 81 of the Iranian Constitution absolutely forbids granting concessions to foreigners to form companies or institutions dealing with commerce, industry,agriculture,services,or mineral extraction. Accordingly the Iranian government devised the Buyback Contract formula for international cooperation, sanctioned by the Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Act(FIPPA)of 2002.But the Buyback Contract formula cannot be applied to resolving the legal status of non-investment foreign companies engaged in oil-field services.That was resolved when the Industrial Free Trade Zone Administration Act was adopted in 1993 and revised in 1999 under which these companies could be granted the legal entity qualifications for conducting business in Iran.But,despite the fact that they have since been legally registered in the free trade zones,they have not been immune from Article 81 of the Iranian Constitution.Foreign oil-field service companies should therefore seek protection under the FIPPA,which foreign investment companies should also take serious note of,in order to take advantage of opportunities in Iran to attain their business objectives.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2010年第12期46-49,共4页
International Petroleum Economics
