摘要
美国是位于世界前列的石油生产、消费和进口大国，其石油进口量和进口来源构成的变化对世界石油市场有重大影响。美国原油进口依存度在2000年达到63．67％，2003年进口量达到峰值后原油进口依存度也随之降低，2004～2008年为61％左右，2009年为57．53％。美国石油（原油加油品）进口的首要来源是北美自由贸易区的邻国加拿大和墨西哥，2009年两国占到美国石油进口的32．38％。从原油供应上可以说加拿大是美国后院的油库．即使墨西哥由于人为因素而在一段时间内产量有所减少，加拿大也会补上其对美出口的缺口。同年来自中南美洲、非洲和欧洲的进口量依次占20．48％、19．01％和6．41％。仅大西洋供销区就占到美国石油进口的78．28％。无论从地缘油气还是从经济政治乃至军事上看，大西洋供销区对美国的石油供应都是有发展潜力且相当稳定的。而2009年来自中东的石油仅占15．38％，且近年来呈下降趋势。按照目前的发展势头，近几年西非占美国的进口份额就可能超过中东。事实上．美国并不像外界公认的那样依赖中东石油。美国石油进口来源相对分散．在来源地区排序中越向前者距离美国本土越近，运输越便捷安全。在进口来源多元化和供应安全上中国和欧洲皆逊于美国。世界石油贸易的重点继续向东亚、南亚转移，美欧对石油进口的需求持续走低，将迫使中东以及非洲、南美的石油输出国向东亚、南亚地区开拓新的出口目的地。总体上看，世界石油贸易格局的深刻变化显然对中国的石油进口和经济发展是有利的。
The United States is one of the largest oil changes in the volume and source mix of its oil imports producers,consumers and importers in the world.The have a significant impact on the world oil market, The United States＇ reliance on imported crude oil reached 63.67% in 2000.In 2003,the country＇s reliance on oil import dropped after its imports peaked in 2003,at about 61% from 2004 to 2008 and 57.53% in 2009,The United States＇ biggest source of imported oil （crude oil plus oil products） is its neighbors Canada and Mexico in the North American Free Trade Zone.In 2009,the two countries supplied 32.38% of the United States＇ oil demand.From crude oil supply perspective,Canada is an oil depot in the United States＇ back- yard.Even though Mexico＇s oil production drops to some extent in a certain period due to some human factors,Canada will fill up the gap left by Mexico in oil supply to the United States.In 2009,imports from central and south Americas,Africa and Europe accounted for 20.48%,19.01% and 6.41% of the United States＇ total oil imports respectively.Imports from the Atlantic sales-purchase zone alone accounted for 78.28% of the US total oil imports.To the United States＇ oil supply,the Atlantic sales-purchase zone is promising and very stable,either from the geopolitical oil and gas supply viewpoint,or the economic viewpoint,or the political viewpoint or even the military viewpoint.In 2009,oil from the Middle East represented only 15.38% of all oil used in the United States and this percentage has been declining in recent years.At the current momentum, the share of western African oil is likely to exceed that of Mideast oil over the next few years.As a matter of fact,the United States is not that reliant on Mideast oil like what many analysts think of.The country＇s oil import sources are relatively scattered.On the list of the country＇s oil suppliers by region,the closer to the top the countries are ,the closer they are to the continental United States and the easier and safer the United
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2011年第2期8-16,共9页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
美国
石油进口
进口来源
进口依存度
大西洋供销区
中东
the United States
oil import
import source
reliance on import
the Atlantic sales-purchase zone
the Middle East
