摘要
美国能源独立的实质是避免国外某些因素对其能源安全、经济安全乃至国家安全产生强烈影响,增大能源供应的自主性,特别是要减少局势动荡地区的石油进口。为此,长期以来美国采取了综合措施,包括节能节油、发展新能源、增加国内油气产量等,从而使能源消费总量和石油消费量增速降低,为能源独立奠定了基础。随之迎来的页岩气革命,使美国油气产量快速增长,油气进口量、进口依存度大幅下降,同时来自中东等动荡地区的进口份额大减。页岩气革命提高了非常规油气的地位,使之在中长期的未来有可能与常规油气平起平坐,甚至超过它而居主要地位。同时还开拓了传统油气勘探和油气地质学创新发展新途径,改变了世界地缘油气格局和版图,为能源构成改善和环保开拓了新路径。另外还必须看到,更自主、更廉价的能源供应不仅对美国经济恢复做出了现实贡献,有可能促进美率先走出衰退,而且使其在"再工业化"、在迎接第三次工业革命的历史进程中居于优势地位。美国能源独立和页岩气革命的进程对我国能源战略有重大启示,我们应更强调节能和需求侧管理,贯彻多元发展和因地制宜的战略思想,常规和非常规油气并举且大力推进页岩油气开拓,而经济体制改革是这些目标实现的前提和保障。
The nature of US energy independence is to avoid the strong effect of some external factors on the country’s energy security,economic security and even national security,increase self-sufficiency of energy supply and reduce the share of oil from strife-ridden areas.The US has taken a multi-pronged approach(saving energy,developing alternative energy sources and raising domestic oil and gas production) to slow its consumption of energy,including petroleum,laying the groundwork for energy independence.The subsequent shale gas revolution led to rapid growth in US oil and gas production,a dramatic decline in its oil and gas imports as well as reliance on imported oil,and a considerable drop in the share of oil from strife-ridden regions such as the Middle East.The US shale gas revolution has raised the position of unconventional oil and gas in the country’s energy mix and may enable unconventional oil and gas to win equal or even more attention from the US government than conventional oil and gas in long and medium-term plans.This revolution has also opened up new dimensions in oil and gas exploration and geological development,changed the world’s oil and gas supply landscape and explored a new pathway for the improvement of energy mix and environmental protection.It is equally important to note that domestically produced cheaper energy will not only contribute to a recovery of the US economy but may also midwife the US′ rising out of the current recession,helping the country secure the leadership in re-industrialization and the third industrial revolution.China can learn a lot from the process of the US energy independence and shale gas revolution.We should pay more attention to energy saving and demand-size management,implement a diversified development strategy suited to the country’s local conditions and attach equal importance to conventional and unconventional oil and gas while strengthening the development of shale oil.The reform in the economic system is the precondition and guarantee for achieving
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2012年第12期1-16,共16页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
美国能源独立
页岩气革命
非常规油气
地缘油气
中国能源战略
多元发展
US energy independence
shale gas revolution
unconventional oil and gas
geopolitical oil and gas
Chinese energy strategy
diversified development
