摘要
《广韵》所附《辩十四声例法》,是隋以前以梵文韵学分析汉语声韵的珍贵遗存,而素称难解,本文试图对它予以校勘解释。先校误字,后与梵文字母作了系统比较。指出此"例法"是由于针对汉语声韵特点而将"十四音"说中国化了,包含7类元音与7类辅音,在《十四音》遗说注解中虽近于解复派,但与吴敬恒所理解的"解复"派分法不同。其中还糅合了《五音声论》的理念。由而再解释"五音宫商角徵羽"除对声母外,又可对韵母,考论《切韵》"东江支鱼"的顺序实际袭自李登《声类》、吕静《韵集》的"以五声命字",声类即指五声宫商角徵羽之分类。并引证战国至隋对姓氏的五音分类,以及唐代及以后姓氏五音分类的变化(包括敦煌《切韵》刻本的五姓注记、藏文的《人姓归属五音经》及《事林广记》),作出了解释。
Bian Shisisheng Li Fa （辨十四声例法） attached to Guangyun（广韵） is the precious remains in which the Chinese phonology was analyzed by Sanskrit phonology before Sui（隋） Dynasty, and it is always known for its obscurity. In this article the author attempts to explain it by collation. The first step is to collate the wrong words and then a systematic comparison is made with the Sanskrit letters. Next the author points out the Sinicization of Shisi Y＇m （十四音） which contains 7 kinds of vowels and 7 kinds of constants is due to directing to the features of Chinese Phonology. In the inherited annotations of Shisi Yin（十四音） they are close to Jie Fu（解复） school, but it is different from what Wujing heng classified. It combines the principles of Wuyin Sheng Lun（_五音声论）. Based on this the author further explains that ＂Wuyin（五音） Gong（宫）, Shang（商）, Jue（角）, Zhi（徴）, Yu（羽）＂ not only correspond with initial constant but also with vowels, and verifies that the sequence of QieYun ＂Dong Jiang Zhi Yu＂（ 东江支鱼） actually originated from ＂designating the words by Wuyin（五音）＂in LiDeng＇s Sheng Lei（声类）and Lu Jing＇s Yunji（韵集）. Sheng Lei is the classification of Wuyin（五音）. And also the author explains that by citing the classification of Wuyin（五音） from Warring States to Sui（ 隋） Dynasty and the change of Wuyin（五音） classification of surname （including the five surnames annotations in Dunhuang Qieyun（敦煌切韵） block-printed edition and Tibetan Xing Shi Gui Shu Wu Yin Jing （姓氏归属五音经） and Shi Lin Guang Ji（ 事林广记））.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第1期88-95,共8页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
关键词
《辩十四声例法》
十四音
五音
Bian Shisisheng Li Fa （ 辨十四声例法）
Shisi Yin （十四音）
Wuyin（五音）
