摘要
Male hypogonadism, defined as clinical features of androgen deficiency combined with confirmed unequivocally low testosterone levels [1], is a straightforward diagnosis in younger men with tmderlying testicular and pituitary pathology. The diagnosis ofhypogonadism in older men is challenging, because of the non-specificity of symptoms and the age-related decline in testosterone levels which is accelerated by chronic disease and obesity.
Male hypogonadism, defined as clinical features of androgen deficiency combined with confirmed unequivocally low testosterone levels [1], is a straightforward diagnosis in younger men with tmderlying testicular and pituitary pathology. The diagnosis ofhypogonadism in older men is challenging, because of the non-specificity of symptoms and the age-related decline in testosterone levels which is accelerated by chronic disease and obesity.
