摘要
中国是煤炭生产和消费大国,煤炭是国民经济发展主要依赖的能源。煤炭价格对于煤炭资源合理配置起着基础性作用,但是长期以来煤炭价格在政府干预下不能完全反映市场供求状况;煤炭价格在其形成过程中存在着探矿权采矿权价款不能反映煤炭资源价值的稀缺性,各种税费功能重合,煤炭开采、运输等生产活动对生态环境造成的破坏得不到补偿,低估了煤炭生产的安全保障费用和教育培训费用等问题;同时,煤炭交易制度过于单一,煤炭交易区位分布不合理,既不利于价格的双向表达,也不利于形成中国在煤炭商品上的国际话语权;另外,煤炭物流体系的落后也增加了煤炭的不合理成本。本文探索了由煤炭全成本内涵、煤炭期货交易机制、煤炭价格有效性评价等环节组成的煤炭价格形成机制过程,分析了我国煤炭价格形成机制存在的问题,剖析了导致这些问题出现的深层原因,并提出了相应的政策建议。认为必须彻底改造我国煤炭价格形成机制,构建一套简单、合理、有利于煤炭资源有效利用和政府宏观调控的煤炭价格形成机制。
China is a major producer and consumer of coal,a major energy resource for the development of national economy.Coal price plays an essential role in rational allocation of coal resources.However, the coal price has not reflected well market supply and demand under the intervention of government during past years.The existing problems in the process of coal price formation are：1）the price of exploration right and mining right cannot reflect the scarcity of coal resources;2）the functional overlapping of fees and taxes cannot compensate the effect of production activities like coal mining and transportation on the degradation of the environment;3）underestimation of the cost of ensuring safe production;and 4）education and training.In the meanwhile,practices associated with coal trade tend to be relatively single.The location for coal trade seems to be unreasonable,which might not be conducive to the two-way expression of price attitude and the formation of the discourse power of China in international coal commodity.In addition,the backward coal logistics system also increases unreasonable cost of coal.The authors explored the process of the formation system of coal price, including the links of total cost meanings,the futures trading system of coal,and effective evaluation of coal price.We systematically analyzed the process of coal price formation using a deductive method and proposed an integrated flow chart of the price formation mechanism of coal.Based on analysis of factors affecting coal price,it was found in the contents of coal price that there exist problems of repetitively imposed taxes,non inflection of external cost,non-control of due internal cost,immature coal trade market,and serious administrative intervention but no rule to follow.This has resulted in the inability of coal price to reflect the supply-and-demand of coal resources in time,to embody its due value,and to affect the reasonable distribution associated with the benefits brought by the price.This paper also elaborates reasons lead
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期2210-2215,共6页
Resources Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目:"煤炭资源优化配置的理论与政策研究"(编号:70873079)
国家自然科学基金项目:"煤炭资源价格形成机制的政策体系研究"(编号:70941022)
山西省科技厅软科学项目:"山西省煤炭资源综合利用技术方法与对策研究"(编号:2009041035-02)
关键词
煤炭价格
形成机制
问题
对策
Coal price； Formation system； Problems； Countermeasures
