摘要
长颚斗蟋具有明显的翅二型现象。比较长颚斗蟋不同翅型成虫的形态差异,结果表明其短翅型成虫除翅已明显退化外,与长翅型成虫并无其他形态差异。为探究环境因素与长颚斗蟋翅型分化的关系,就光周期、温度及密度对其翅型分化的影响进行了研究。结果表明,短光周期会抑制其长翅型的形成,而LD16∶8h的长光周期则促进长翅个体的分化,但非自然条件的长光周期及全明或全暗条件与上述结论并不一致。变化光周期亦会影响其翅型分化,而随着改变光周期的时间及方向的不同,影响作用亦不相同。在孵化后第20天及40天经历光周期的趋长变化会促进其长翅化;而在孵化后第20天经历光周期的趋短变化则会抑制其长翅化,第30天转移却有促进作用。此外,低温(20℃)条件诱导长颚斗蟋短翅化,高温(25℃,30℃)则促进长翅型的分化。单独饲养时,LD12∶12h与LD16∶8h条件下的若虫均羽化为短翅型成虫,当密度增加至2或5头/容器时,成虫的长翅率均明显增加,说明高密度亦是长翅型个体出现的重要诱因。
The cricket species Velarifictorus aspersus displays distinct wing dimorphism-individuals are either micropterous with much degenerate wings or macropterous with fully developed wings. In this paper,we compared the short and long-winged morphs based on several adult measurements,including fresh weight,head width,wing length and length of hind femur. We did not find significant difference between the two morphs for any of the four measurements other than wing length. In order to find out possible relationship between environmental factors and wing degeneration,we studied the effects of photoperiod,temperature and density on wing development. We found out that about 10% of the individuals,both females and males,would develop into macropterous morph when reared in photoperiods shorter than 14 hours,and the percentage of macropterous individuals would greatly increase,in both males （ 31. 6% ） and females （ 40% ） when exposed to an increased photoperiods of 16 hours. However,the same trend was not observed at unusually long photoperiod （ LD 20∶4 h） ,whether successively treated in light or dark conditions. A long-day shift （ from LD 12∶12 h to LD 16∶8 h） ,occurring at 20 or 40 days after hatching,exhibited strong macropters inducing effect,whereas transfer of nymphs from LD 16∶8 h to LD 12∶12 h at 20 days after hatching resulted in significantly decreased percentage of macropters. However,when transferred from LD 16∶8 h to LD 12∶12 h at 30 days after hatching,the percentage of nymphs to develop into macropters was still significantly increased. These results suggest that changes in photoperiod can have varying influences on wing development,depending on the timing and direction of the transfer. In experiment treating nymphs with various temperatures,low temperature （ 20 ℃ ） caused all nymphs to emerge as micropters while high temperature （ 25 ℃ ,30 ℃ ）induced macropters. In crowding experiment,rearing of nymphs separately at 25 ℃ ,under either LD 12 ∶ 12 h or LD 16∶8 h
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第21期6001-6008,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30771740)
湖南教育厅一般项目(09c1002)
关键词
长颚斗蟋
翅二型
光周期
温度
密度
Velarifictorus aspersus Walker
wing dimorphism
photoperiod
temperature
density
