摘要
目的规范静脉输液操作流程,降低老年患者的输液风险。方法应用失效模式与效应分析对老年患者静脉输液进行风险评估,通过计算风险优先数,确定输液过程中的6个高风险因子(即失效模式),分别是三查七对不严密、血肿或液体外渗、静脉穿刺处渗漏、针头移位或滑脱、滴速太快或太慢和皮下淤血,针对问题制定相应的改进措施。结果实施后三查七对不严密、血肿或液体外渗、静脉穿刺处渗漏、针头移位或滑脱、滴速太快或太慢和皮下淤血发生率显著低于实施前(均P<0.01)。结论实施失效模式与效应分析可降低老年患者的静脉输液风险。
Objective To standardize process of intravenous infusion, and to reduce infusion-related risks in elderly patients.Methods Failure Mode and Effect Analysis（FMEA） was introduced to assess the risks of intravenous infusion in elderly patients. By calculating the risk priority number, six high risk factors （failure mode） in infusion process were determined, including careless checking, hematoma or extravasation, leakage of venopuncture point, needle displacement or slipping, inappropriate infusion speed, and subcutaneous ecchymosis. Countermeasures were implemented.Results The incidence rates of the above-mentioned 6 risks significantly decreased after implementation of FMEA （P〈0.01 for all）.Conclusion The implementation of FMEA can prevent infusion-related risks in elderly patients.
关键词
老年患者
静脉输液
失效模式与效应分析
风险防范
elderly patients
intravenous infusion
failure mode and effect analysis
risk prevention
