摘要
量子物理所描述的微观世界(量子实在)与经典物理所描述的宏观世界(经典实在)有着巨大的差异,从而让人感到困惑,需要解释。经典实在与人类的日常经验是相协调的,可以用日常语言进行描述。物理学试图将在这个实在进行扩展,但是在超宏观的宇宙尺度上,以及微观的亚原子尺度下都遇到了障碍。量子物理所描述的对象已经不是物理实体,而是物理"现象"。这些现象不可能构建成为经典实在中的单一的可视模型,而必须采用两种矛盾的模型,这就是玻尔的互补原理。
The great difference between the sub-atom dimension reality described by quantum physics and the ordinary reality by classical physics makes people puzzled and thus calls for explanation. There is no absolute explanation workable in any context An explanation must be related with the our culture context. Classical physics is an explanation system for the world within 'primary sensual dimension',the scale that human are able to 'observe' directly by sense organs. Classical physics,primary sensual dimension and ordinary languages are compatible with each other. The limitation of the primary sensual dimension is defined by optical telescope and optical microscope. People try to extend this view of reality to larger and smaller scale,but it does not work either on the cosmos dimension or the sub-atom dimension. Niels Bohr introduced a term 'phenomenon' into quantum physics to replace its counterpart concept 'object' in classical physics. All 'objects' in the quantum world are theoretical construction by 'phenomena' such as the data of instrument,the trace in cloud chamber. However,it is not possible to construct a single visible model to explain those phenomena. Two paradoxical and alternative models,like particle and wave,are needed in the explanation,and this is the 'complementary principle'.
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第5期26-34,104,共10页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"量子现象的非实在论整体观研究"(10BZX002)
关键词
解释
现象
互补原理
实在(经典实在、量子实在)
基本感官尺度
可视模型
Explanation
Phenomenon
Complementarity principle
Reality (Classical reality
Quantum reality)
The primary sensual dimension
Visible model
