摘要
卵巢上皮性癌(epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC)居女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤病死率首位。其病因不明,但多个卵巢癌高危因素已被研究发现证实。其中遗传性因素是最主要、最肯定的高危因素。对于BRCA1、2基因突变的高危人群,目前认为预防性双侧附件切除术是最有效的卵巢癌预防措施。除此之外,妊娠、哺乳、口服避孕药、输卵管结扎、子宫切除术等均被认为是卵巢癌保护性因素;而激素替代治疗、滑石粉、吸烟、肥胖等为卵巢癌高危因素,应注意避免其发生。
Epithelial ovarian cancer （ EOC ） is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths. Although the etiology of ovarian cancer is unclear, many associated risk factors have been identified. Chief among these is the family history of the disease. Hereditary ovarian cancer is responsible for about 5% - 10% of ovarian cancer cases. Based on the identification of these risk factors, the incidence of ovarian cancer can be reduced by pregnancy, lactation, the oral contraceptive pill and tubal ligation. Some evidence suggests the risk can also be reduced by eating a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, avoiding smoking, avoiding, being overweight and avoiding long-term use of unopposed hormonal replacement therapy （HRT）. Strategies available to high-risk women include screening and prophylactic salpingooophoreetomy, which is the most effective method ofcancer risk reduction in women with a BRCA1,2 gene mutation. Besides, more and more evidence shows that oral contraceptives are also protective to ovarian cancer.
出处
《中国实用妇科与产科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第9期660-663,共4页
Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics
关键词
卵巢肿瘤
基因突变
激素替代治疗
ovarian cancer
genic mutation
hormonal replacement terapy
