摘要
面源污染是导致水环境污染的主要因素之一,具有分布面广、排放量大、随机性强等特征,因此治理难度非常大。湿地通常指位于陆地和水域生态系统之间的过渡带,被认为是治理面源污染最有效的方式之一。湿地主要通过微生物反硝化、土壤吸附、沉淀以及植物吸收等途径来实现对面源污染物的截留和降解。国内对湿地在面源污染防治中的作用关注较晚,始于上世纪80年代初期。运用于面源污染防治的湿地类型主要有人工湿地、湖滨带、河岸带湿地、氧化塘、生态沟渠等。面源污染的治理应当同点源污染的治理紧密结合,高效发挥湿地的净化功能和景观效应。在构建人工湿地时应保护好天然湿地并慎用外来物种,此外人工湿地的后续管理也需要进一步加强。
Nonpoint source pollution,one of the main causes of water pollution,is characterized by wide distribution,large discharge,and random occurrence,and thus results in a great difficulty in pollution control.Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and generally recognized as an efficient and economical method to treat nonpoint source pollution via denitrification,sorption,sedimentation,and plant absorption.Application of wetlands for nonpoint source pollution control in China has begun in early 80s of last century.Wetland types used to treat nonpoint source pollution include constructed wetland,lakeshore,riparian wetland,oxidation pond,and ecological ditch.To obtain good purification and landscape effects,nonpoint source pollution control should associate with point source pollution control.We must conserve natural wetlands and use native plant species when we construct a new wetland.Moreover,the subsequent management of constructed wetlands should be strengthened.
出处
《环境科学与管理》
CAS
2010年第7期141-145,共5页
Environmental Science and Management
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30900222)
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAC10B02)
关键词
非点源污染
人工湿地
反硝化
富营养化
nonpoint source pollution
constructed wetland
denitrification
eutrophication
