摘要
基于"习得无助"的认知解释模式理论,采用实验研究和理论分析的方法,探索不同运动项目技能学习过程中"习得无助"的认知现象,分析"习得无助"情况下认知特征在不同运动项目的差异。随机选取普通高校篮球选项课(63名)、健美选项课(64名)的大学男生127名组成研究样本,分别学习篮球罚球弧跳投技术和健美局部肌肉锻炼方法,并让大多数被试放弃学习。学习测试分为4个纵向单元,并进行认知归因、后续朝向任务及后续努力的问卷调查。通过t检验、相关分析和回归路径分析,发现不同运动项目在认知特征上存在差异,学习过程中,被试倾向把失败归结于外部的因素,会增加对后续任务的朝向,试图继续努力;被试倾向把失败归因于内部的原因,会减少对后续任务的朝向和后续的努力;另外,后续任务的朝向决定后续任务的努力。篮球学习过程中,被试更多地把失败归结于外部的因素;健美学习过程中,被试更多地把失败归结于内部的因素。
Based on ＂learned helplessness＂ model of the cognitive interpretation of theory,by using the method of experimental study and theoretical analysis,this paper explores different sports skills in the learning process of ＂learned helplessness＂ in understanding the phenomenon of ＂learned helplessness＂ situation under the cognitive characteristics in different sports.College Basketball randomly selected classes （63）,bodybuilding option classes （64） is composed of 127 male college students study sample,respectively,to study arc jump shot basketball free-throw bodybuilding muscle training techniques and methods,and let the majority of subjects are abandon their studies.Learning test consists of four vertical units,and cognitive attribution,follow-up tasks and follow-up efforts towards the questionnaire.By T test,correlation analysis and regression path analysis found out that there were differences between different sports in the cognitive characteristics of the learning process,the subjects were inclined to attribute failure to external factors,increased towards the follow-up mission to try to continue its efforts to,subjects were inclined to fail due to internal reasons,reduced towards the follow-up tasks and follow-up efforts,in addition,the follow-on mission efforts towards the decision to follow-up to the task.In Basketball learning process,the subjects were more failures attributed to external factors,while in bodybuilding learning process,the subjects were more failures attributed to internal factors.
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第4期112-121,共10页
China Sport Science and Technology
关键词
习得无助
认知
归因
篮球
健美
差异
learned helplessness
cognition
attribution
basketball
bodybuilding
differences
